Table 3.
Unadjusted and adjusted risk factors for nonadherence to ART among a cohort of mothers and NVP among a cohort of infants in South Africa followed in 2012–2014 identified with cox proportional hazards model (unweighted)
|
Mothers N = 1322a |
Nonadherence Cox proportional hazard model |
|||||
| Characteristic | Unadjusted | (95% CI) | p value | Adjusted | (95% CI) | p value |
| hazard ratio | hazard ratio | |||||
| Maternal age | ||||||
| 35+ years | 1 | 1 | ||||
| 25–34 years | 1.21 | 0.96–1.54 | 0.111 | 1.21 | 0.95–1.54 | 0.123 |
| 16–24 years | 1.93 | 1.46–2.53 | 0.000 | 1.87 | 1.42–2.47 | 0.000 |
| Delivery care location | ||||||
| Hospital/clinic | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Home/other | 1.61 | 1.03–2.53 | 0.036 | 1.87 | 1.19–2.94 | 0.007 |
| CD4 result received | ||||||
| CD4 test done and result received | 1 | 1 | ||||
| CD4 test not done | 1.43 | 0.88–2.34 | 0.150 | 1.34 | 0.82–2.20 | 0.242 |
| CD4 test done, result not received | 1.33 | 1.10–1.62 | 0.004 | 1.28 | 1.06–1.57 | 0.012 |
| Do not know if had CD4 test | 2.56 | 1.73–3.80 | 0.000 | 2.15 | 1.44–3.20 | 0.000 |
| HIV status disclosed to family and/or friends | ||||||
| Yes | 1 | 1 | ||||
| No | 1.69 | 1.33–2.14 | 0.000 | 1.67 | 1.31–2.12 | 0.000 |
| Planned pregnancy | ||||||
| Yes | 1 | 1 | ||||
| No | 1.25 | 1.04–1.51 | 0.017 | 1.18 | 0.98–1.42 | 0.082 |
| No response | 2.14 | 0.30–15.27 | 0.448 | 2.54 | 0.35–18.28 | 0.356 |
| Initiated ART after delivery | ||||||
| No | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 1.66 | 1.36–2.03 | 0.000 | 1.61 | 1.31–1.96 | 0.000 |
| Don’t know/Chose not to answer | 1.15 | 0.83–1.59 | 0.404 | 1.14 | 0.82–1.58 | 0.425 |
|
Infants N = 1231b |
Nonadherence Cox proportional hazard model |
|||||
| Characteristic | Unadjusted | 95% CI | p-value | Adjusted | 95% CI | p-value |
| hazard ratio | hazard ratio | |||||
| Province | ||||||
| Free State | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Limpopo | 1.30 | 0.35–4.86 | 0.693 | 1.31 | 0.35–4.89 | 0.689 |
| Eastern Cape | 2.97 | 1.01–8.68 | 0.047 | 2.97 | 1.01–8.73 | 0.048 |
| Northern Cape | 5.27 | 1.92–14.44 | 0.001 | 5.16 | 1.86–14.28 | 0.002 |
| Gauteng | 1.23 | 0.40–3.75 | 0.719 | 1.25 | 0.41–3.82 | 0.701 |
| KwaZulu Natal | 1.97 | 0.68–5.66 | 0.210 | 2.02 | 0.70–5.85 | 0.192 |
| Mpumalanga | 2.58 | 0.89–7.42 | 0.079 | 2.48 | 0.86–7.17 | 0.093 |
| Northwest | 4.86 | 1.85–12.79 | 0.001 | 4.81 | 1.82–12.72 | 0.002 |
| Western Cape | 4.28 | 1.48–12.32 | 0.007 | 3.95 | 1.37–11.41 | 0.011 |
| Maternal parity | ||||||
| One child | 1 | 1 | ||||
| 2–3 children | 1.26 | 0.74–2.13 | 0.394 | 1.07 | 0.62–1.82 | 0.817 |
| 4+ children | 1.68 | 0.90–3.16 | 0.106 | 1.45 | 0.76–2.75 | 0.259 |
| Mother ever heard of PMTCT | ||||||
| Yes | 1 | 1 | ||||
| No | 1.76 | 1.01–3.06 | 0.044 | 1.70 | 0.96–3.00 | 0.068 |
| Mother knows partner’s HIV status | ||||||
| Yes | 1 | 1 | ||||
| No | 1.48 | 0.98–2.24 | 0.061 | 1.46 | 0.97–2.21 | 0.072 |
aMothers were included in survival analysis if they were on ART at 6 weeks and had information about ART adherence at any follow-up visit
bInfants were included in survival analysis if they were on NVP at birth and had information about NVP adherence at any follow-up visit