Table 1.
Characteristics of the included studies
| Reference | Study area (years of the survey) |
Age range | Plasmodium sp. | The magnitude of outcome in those co-infected compared to those with only malaria | Case enrolled | Case of co-infection | Case of malaria alone | Case of dengue alone | Diagnostic Techniques |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assir et al., 2014 [16] | Pakistan (2012) | 12–90 | P.falciparum and P.vivax |
1. Co-infection rate = 1.99% 2. Hemoglobin = similar 3. Hematocrit = similar 4. Platelet count = similar |
52 | 17 | 18 | 5 |
Malaria: Microscopy Dengue: ELISA NS1,IgM, RT-PCR |
| Baba et al., 2013 [18] | Nigeria (2008) | < 1- > 80 y | P. falciparum | 1. Co-infection rate 7.17% | 310 | 18 | 31 | 175 |
Malaria: Microscopy Dengue: Plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) |
| Barua and Gill, 2016 [19] | India (2014) | > 12 y | P.falciparum and P.vivax |
1. Co-infection rate 10.25% 2. Hemoglobin = higher 3. Hematocrit = similar 4. Platelet count = lower 5. AST = higher 6. ALT = higher |
156 | 16 | 55 | 85 |
Malaria: Microscopy Dengue: IgM, NS1 |
| Carme et al., 2009 [20] | French Guiana (2004–2005) | NA | P.falciparum and P.vivax | 1. Co-infection rate 1% | 1723 | 17 | 376 | 221 |
Malaria: Microscopy Dengue: IgM serology, culture, RT-PCR |
| Chipwaza et al., 2014 [21] | Tanzania (2013) | 2–13 | NA | 1. Co-infection rate 8.5% | 364 | 31 | 52 | 45 |
Malaria: Microscopy Dengue: ELISA |
| Epelboin et al., 2012 [22] | French Guiana (2004–2010) | 6 m-83 y | P.falciparum and P.vivax |
1. Parasitemia = similar 2. Hemoglobin = similar 3. Hematocrit = lower 4. Platelet count = lower 5. AST = similar 6. ALT = similar |
Not given | 104 | 208 | 104 |
Malaria: Microscopy Dengue: Cell-culture virus isolation, RT-PCR, NS1, IgM, IgM, IgM + IgA |
| Hati et al., 2012 [23] | India (2005–2010) | NA | P.falciparum and P.vivax | 1. Co-infection rate 1.5% | 2971 | 46 | 194 | 559 |
Malaria: Microscopy Dengue: ELISA |
| Magalhaes et al., 2014 [14] | Brazil (2009–2011) | 0- > 60 y | P.falciparum and P.vivax |
1. Co-infection rate = 3.16% 2. Parasitemia = similar 3. Hematocrit = higher 4. Platelet count = lower 5. AST = higher 6. ALT = higher |
1578 | 44 | 176 | 584 |
Malaria: PCR. Dengue: IgM, NS1, RT-PCR |
| Mendonça et al., 2015 [15] | Brazil (2009–2013) | IQR20.8–52.25 y | P. vivax |
1. Parasitemia = similar 2. Hemoglobin = similar 3. Hematocrit = similar 4. Platelet count = similar 5. AST = lower 6. ALT = higher |
Not given | 30 | 52 | 30 |
Malaria: Microscopy, PCR Dengue: RT-PCR |
| Mohapatra et al., 2012 [24] | India (2011) | NA | P.falciparum and P.vivax |
1. Co-infection rate = 6% 2. Parasitemia = lower 3. Hemoglobin = higher 4. Platelet count = lower 5. AST = lower 6. ALT = lower |
469 | 27 | 102 | 340 |
Malaria: Microscopy Dengue: RDT (NS1, IgM) |
| Mueller et al., 2014 [25] | Cambodia (2008–2010) | 7–49 y | P.falciparum and P.vivax | 1. Co-infection rate = 3.24% | 1475 | 27 | 727 | 53 |
Malaria: RDT, Nested-PCR Dengue: RT-PCR |
| Rao et al., 2016 [26] | India (2013) | < 1- > 15 y | P.falciparum and P.vivax | 1. Co-infection rate = 1% | 1980 | 22 | 229 | 723 |
Malaria: Microscopy, RDT. Dengue: Dengue NS1, ELISA, RT-PCR |
| Swoboda et al., 2014 [27] | Bangladesh (2007–2010) | ≥8 y | P.falciparum and P.vivax | 1. Co-infection rate = 0.76% | 659 | 5 | 362 | 35 |
Malaria: Microscopy, RDT. Dengue: ELISA IgM |
| Sow et al., 2016 [28] | Senegal (2009–2013) | > 1 y | P. falciparum | 1. Co-infection rate = 0.01% | 13,845 | 1 | 7386 | 2 |
Malaria: Microscopy, RDT Dengue: RT-PCR |
| Zaki and Shanbag, 2010 [29] | India (2005) | 1 m-12 y | P.falciparum and P.vivax | 1. Co-infection rate = 0.33% | 602 | 2 | 33 | 79 |
Malaria: Microscopy Dengue: ELISA |