Table 3.

The association of PPOI and operation method in different models

Models	Crude model	Model I	Model II
Operation methods
OS	1	1	1
LS	0.41 (0.19, 0.90) .027	0.40 (0.18, 0.86) .024	0.21 (0.08, 0.59) .003

Data are shown as the format of OR (95% CI) P value. Crude model did not adjust other covariants Model I minimally adjusted for sex and BMI; Model II fully adjusted for sex, BMI, age, intraoperative blood loss, tumor stage, postoperative albumin, postoperative serum potassium, and use of a postoperative opioid analgesic.

Abbreviations: LS, Laparoscopic surgery; OS, Open surgery.