Table 4.
The number of deaths and age‐standardized mortality rates of primary liver cancer by etiology in 1990 and 2017 and the temporal trends from 1990 to 2017
| Characteristics | 1990 | 2017 | 1990‐2017 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Deaths No. ×103 (95% UI) |
ASMR per 100 000 No. (95% UI) |
Deaths No. ×103 (95% UI) |
ASMR per 100 000 No. (95% UI) |
EAPC in ASMR No. (95% CI) |
|
| Liver cancer due to hepatitis B | |||||
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 110.8 (99.5, 119.4) | 22.70 (20.37, 24.46) | 180.3 (167.2, 194.8) | 18.16 (16.86, 19.60) | −1.17 (−1.39, −0.97) |
| Female | 35.7 (30.9, 40.0) | 7.63 (6.62, 8.54) | 46.1 (42.1, 50.8) | 4.62 (4.22, 5.09) | −2.07 (−2.24, −1.89) |
| Agea | |||||
| 15‐49 years | 51.8 (46.5, 55.9) | 7.75 (6.96, 8.37) | 46.8 (43.0, 50.4) | 6.29 (5.78, 6.77) | −1.81 (−2.31, −1.30) |
| 50‐69 years | 69.9 (64.2, 74.9) | 45.40 (41.64, 48.61) | 124.4 (115.4, 134.1) | 36.15 (33.55, 38.99) | −1.04 (−1.23, −0.85) |
| 70+ years | 24.0 (21.9, 26.2) | 62.15 (56.68, 67.81) | 55.0 (51.0, 59.4) | 55.84 (51.75, 60.36) | −0.44 (−0.74, −0.14) |
| Liver cancer due to hepatitis C | |||||
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 25.8 (22.9, 28.7) | 6.38 (5.67, 7.04) | 58.2 (53.1, 63.7) | 6.33 (5.80, 6.91) | −0.37 (−0.58, −0.16) |
| Female | 16.3 (21.3, 18.8) | 4.53 (3.95, 5.13) | 32.1 (29.3, 35.5) | 3.31 (3.02, 3.66) | −1.27 (−1.40, −1.13) |
| Agea | |||||
| 15‐49 years | 5.6 (4.8, 6.3) | 0.83 (0.72, 0.94) | 5.9 (5.1, 6.7) | 0.79 (0.69, 0.89) | −1.07 (−1.56, −0.58) |
| 50‐69 years | 23.0 (20.6, 25.4) | 14.90 (13.35, 16.47) | 43.9 (39.7, 48.5) | 12.75 (11.53, 14.11) | −0.97 (−1.25, −0.69) |
| 70+ years | 16.1 (14.7, 17.8) | 41.68 (38.11, 46.07) | 40.6 (37.4, 44.0) | 41.18 (37.96, 44.71) | −0.18 (−0.38, 0.02) |
| Liver cancer due to alcohol use | |||||
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 13.8 (11.0, 17.1) | 3.09 (2.51, 3.79) | 28.3 (22.9, 35.3) | 2.92 (2.39, 3.58) | −0.62 (−0.82, −0.43) |
| Female | 4.5 (3.5, 5.7) | 1.02 (0.81, 1.29) | 7.5 (6.1, 9.4) | 0.75 (0.61, 0.94) | −1.47 (−1.65, −1.28) |
| Agea | |||||
| 15‐49 years | 3.8 (2.6, 5.3) | 0.56 (0.39, 0.79) | 3.9 (2.7, 5.8) | 0.53 (0.36, 0.78) | −1.17 (−1.63, −0.70) |
| 50‐69 years | 9.5 (7.2, 12.5) | 6.19 (4.67, 8.10) | 19.3 (14.7, 25.5) | 5.61 (4.26, 7.43) | −0.83 (−1.11, −0.55) |
| 70+ years | 5.0 (4.0, 6.2) | 12.87 (10.27, 16.12) | 12.6 (10.3, 15.7) | 12.80 (10.41, 15.97) | −0.29 (−0.53, −0.06) |
| Liver cancer due to NASH | |||||
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 7.5 (6.4, 8.6) | 1.82 (1.57, 2.08) | 17.9 (15.7, 20.2) | 1.96 (1.72, 2.20) | −0.15 (−0.37, 0.06) |
| Female | 5.0 (4.2, 5.8) | 1.19 (1.00, 1.39) | 9.7 (8.5, 11.1) | 1.01 (0.88, 1.16) | −0.76 (−0.91, −0.61) |
| Agea | |||||
| 15‐49 years | 2.2 (1.9, 2.6) | 0.33 (0.28, 0.39) | 2.3 (2.0, 2.8) | 0.31 (0.26, 0.38) | −1.34 (−1.89, −0.80) |
| 50‐69 years | 5.8 (4.9, 6.8) | 3.75 (3.16, 4.41) | 12.3 (10.4, 14.2) | 3.58 (3.02, 4.13) | −0.60 (−0.90, −0.31) |
| 70+ years | 4.5 (3.8, 5.4) | 11.70 (9.87, 13.90) | 13.0 (11.0, 15.2) | 13.19 (11.19, 15.38) | 0.31 (0.11, 0.51) |
| Liver cancer due to other causes | |||||
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 13.0 (11.0, 14.8) | 2.74 (2.33, 3.09) | 23.5 (20.8, 26.6) | 2.44 (2.16, 2.74) | −0.87 (−1.06, −0.68) |
| Female | 10.3 (8.7, 11.9) | 2.28 (1.94, 2.62) | 14.4 (12.8, 16.5) | 1.46 (1.30, 1.68) | −1.87 (−2.05, −1.69) |
| Agea | |||||
| 15‐49 years | 7.2 (5.9, 8.5) | 1.08 (0.89, 1.28) | 6.5 (5.5, 7.6) | 0.87 (0.74, 1.02) | −1.82 (−2.33, −1.30) |
| 50‐69 years | 10.7 (9.1, 12.4) | 6.96 (5.88, 8.05) | 19.3 (16.6, 22.4) | 5.60 (4.82, 6.52) | −1.10 (−1.32, −0.88) |
| 70+ years | 5.1 (4.4, 6.0) | 13.32 (11.30, 15.64) | 12.1 (10.5, 14.0) | 12.33 (10.64, 14.21) | −0.37 (−0.56, −0.17) |
Abbreviations: ASIR: age‐standardized incidence rate; CI: confidence interval; EAPC: estimated annual percentage change; NASH: nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; UI: uncertainty interval.
a
Crude mortality rate in each age group.