Table 3.

Results of mixed effects meta‐regression for each fitness variable, with transplant region (Konstanz or Potsdam), status (native or non‐native), zebularine treatment and their interactions as moderators and random effects of blocks nested in field sites and species nested within plant family. The values are for each moderator in the step‐wise model reduction, the χ2 value and the significance level of the likelihood ratio test. p‐values lower than 0.05 are marked in bold. For survival and flowering probability, results for both types of continuity correction are shown (for details see Methods S3)

Fitness variable	Survival		Aboveground biomass	Flowering probability		Reproductive biomass
Sample size	91	143	300	100	134	215
Effect size	LOR	LOR	SMD	LOR	LOR	SMD
Comparison level	Field	Field	Block	Field	Field	Block
Continuity correction	+0.5	+ localCC +non‐localCC	NA	+0.5	+localCC +non‐localCC	NA

Moderators	χ2 (df = 1)	p	χ2 (df = 1)	p	χ2 (df  = 1)	p	χ2 (df  = 1)	p	χ2 (df  = 1)	p	χ2 (df  = 1)	p
Region (R)	1.90	0.168	1.23	0.267	2.13	0.144	1.02	0.312	0.06	0.816	8.68	0.003
Status (S)	1.89	0.170	1.58	0.209	2.34	0.126	0.06	0.800	0.03	0.861	3.65	0.056
Zebularine treatment (Z)	2.22	0.136	1.65	0.199	0.02	0.882	0.00	0.952	0.01	0.929	0.00	0.963
R × S	1.37	0.241	1.18	0.277	8.66	0.003	0.84	0.359	0.50	0.479	0.35	0.552
R × Z	0.93	0.336	0.70	0.402	0.31	0.578	0.10	0.756	0.32	0.572	0.33	0.563
S × Z	0.00	0.986	0.00	0.944	0.95	0.331	2.31	0.129	2.43	0.119	0.54	0.462
R × S × Z	0.09	0.770	0.13	0.719	4.39	0.036	3.60	0.058	2.69	0.101	1.01	0.314
Random effects structure	~1|Field		~1|Field		~Block|Field		~1|Field		~1|Field		~Block|Field
	~1|Species		~1|Species		~1|Species		~1|Species		~1|Species		~Species|Plant family

Abbreviations: LOR, log‐transformed odds ratio; SMD, standardized mean difference.