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editorial

. 2018 Nov 29;2(6):e162. doi: 10.1097/HS9.0000000000000162

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Copyright © 2018 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the European Hematology Association.

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives License 4.0, which allows for redistribution, commercial and non-commercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged and in whole, with credit to the author. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0

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Immune dysregulation in MDS. MDS is characterized by dysregulation of the adaptive as well as the innate immune system. Autoimmune mechanisms (AI-MDS, left panel) and myeloid-derived inflammation (MDI-MDS, right panel) contribute to specific phenotypes in low- and high-risk MDS, which can be targeted by immune modulatory therapies. DC = dendritic cell, HSPC = hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell, MDI = myelodysplastic syndrome, MDSC = myeloid-derived suppressor cell, MSC = mesenchymal stromal cell.