Table 2.
Study results (N=44).
| Characteristics | Baseline, mean (SD) | After the study, mean (SD) | Difference (%) | P value | |
| Weight (kg) | 95.9 (17.4) | 95.0 (17.8) | 0.9 (0.9) | 0.004 | |
| BMIa (kg/m²) | 31.2 (4.3) | 30.8 (4.4) | 0.4 (1.3) | 0.001 | |
| Overweight (30< BMI >25) | 15 (34.1)b | 14 (32.6)b | 1 (6.7) | —c | |
| Obese (BMI >30) | 26 (59.1)b | 26 (59.1)b | 0 (0) | — | |
| Body composition | |||||
| Body fat (kg) | 26.7 (8.2) | 25.5 (9.0) | 1.2 (4.5) | 0.01 | |
| Body fat (%) | 27.9 (7.4) | 26.8 (8.4) | 1.1 (3.9) | 0.01 | |
| Lean body mass (kg) | 64.8 (14.1) | 65.2 (14.2) | 0.4 (0.6) | 0.31 | |
| Spirometry | |||||
| Forced vital capacity (% norm) | 107.5 (13.3) | 106.3 (14.2) | 1.2 (1.1) | 0.31 | |
| Forced expiratory volume (% norm) | 96.3 (16.3) | 97.6 (13.3) | 1.3 (1.3) | 0.32 | |
| Spiroergometry | |||||
| Resting heart rate (bpm) | 79 (10.2) | 75 (11.5) | 4 (5) | 0.06 | |
| VO2peakd (mL/kg/min) | 27.2 (5.1) | 29.6 (5.4) | 2.4 (8.8) | <0.001 | |
| Watt max | 135.1 (42.9) | 149.5 (49.5) | 14.4 (10.7) | <0.001 | |
| Watt individual anaerobic threshold | 96.1 (21.5) | 100.6 (24.6) | 4.5 (4.7) | 0.001 | |
| Borg value max (range, 6-20)e | 18.5 (1.5) | 18 (1.8) | 0.5 (2.7) | 0.03 | |
| Heart frequency (max) | 172 (16) | 172 (14.8) | 0 (0) | — | |
aBMI: body mass index.
bValues are n (%) rather than mean (SD).
cNot applicable.
dVO2peak: peak volume of oxygen.
eThe full Borg Scale (score range, 1-10) was used for the cardiopulmonary exercise test.