Table 2.
Comparison of the baseline characteristics between different BLLs.
| Low-normal BLL (n = 408) | High-normal BLL (n = 380) | High BLL (n = 78) | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | 56.21 ± 13.89 | 55.87 ± 13.26 | 57.52 ± 13.66 | .72 |
| Male, n (%) | 48.3 | 52.1 | 57.7 | .09 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 22.21 ± 3.27 | 22.22 ± 3.13 | 21.94 ± 3.01 | .64 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 15.7 | 18.2 | 21.8 | .15 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 27.5 | 19.2 | 9.0 | <.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 39.0 | 39.2 | 39.7 | .89 |
| Previous CVD, n (%) | 4.2 | 6.1 | 1.3 | .92 |
| HBV, n (%) | 10.0 | 12.1 | 14.1 | .22 |
| HCV, n (%) | 14.7 | 22.1 | 30.8 | <.001 |
| CTS, n (%) | 2.2 | 11.6 | 29.5 | <.001 |
| Hemodialysis duration (y) | 5.73 ± 4.75 | 7.58 ± 5.39 | 10.28 ± 6.18 | <.001 |
| Erythropoietin (U/kg/week) | 79.58 ± 46.34 | 69.57 ± 47.73 | 62.27 ± 47.33 | <.001 |
| Fistula as blood access, n (%) | 78.7 | 79.7 | 83.3 | .39 |
| Hemodiafiltration, n (%) | 15.0 | 24.7 | 41 | <.001 |
| Kt/Vurea (Daugirdes) | 1.75 ± 0.30 | 1.82 ± 0.32 | 1.90 ± 0.39 | <.001 |
| nPCR (g/kg/day) | 1.18 ± 0.26 | 1.19 ± 0.27 | 1.16 ± 0.27 | .97 |
| Residual daily urine of >100 mL, n (%) | 23.5 | 18.4 | 15.4 | .035 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 10.33 ± 1.31 | 10.63 ± 1.34 | 10.88 ± 1.57 | <.001 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 4.08 ± 0.33 | 4.05 ± 0.35 | 3.98 ± 0.36 | .018 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 10.88 ± 2.46 | 10.90 ± 2.29 | 10.79 ± 2.47 | .88 |
| Corrected-calcium (mg/dL) | 9.89 ± 0.90 | 9.96 ± 0.94 | 10.06 ± 0.99 | .11 |
| Phosphate (mg/dL) | 4.83 ± 1.35 | 4.87 ± 1.37 | 4.72 ± 1.26 | .76 |
| Ferritin (μg/L)a | 359.9 (165.1,569.85) | 272.4 (111.25,445.55) | 283.55 (156.32,420.45) | .001 |
| Intact parathyroid hormone (pg/mL)a | 112.4 (41.5,249.1) | 144.25 (55.6,365.42) | 195.85 (82.67,435.27) | <.001 |
| hsCRP (mg/L)a | 2.87 (1.34,7.51) | 2.98 (1.54,6.49) | 3.36 (1.4,7.38) | .6 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 93.95 ± 30.63 | 95.94 ± 30.57 | 93.90 ± 30.69 | .62 |
Low-normal BLL, BLL <10 μg/dL (reference).
High-normal BLL, 20 μg/dL > BLL ≥10 μg/dL.
High BLL, BLL ≥20 μg/dL.
BLL: blood lead level; MHD: maintenance hemodialysis; CTS: carpal tunnel syndrome; CVD: cardiovascular disease; HBV: hepatitis B virus infection; HCV: hepatitis C virus infection; nPCR: normalized protein catabolic rate; hsCRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; LDL: low density lipoprotein; Kt/Vurea (Daugirdes): dialysis clearance of urea.
a
Non-normal distribution data are presented as median (interquartile range).