Table 1. Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of mothers by newborn knowledge category.
| Variables | Total Sample N = 302 |
Newborn care knowledge | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inadequate n = 147 |
Adequate n = 155 |
|||
| n(%) | n(%) | n(%) | ||
| Age category | 0.071 | |||
| 15–20 | 56 (18.5) | 33(22.4) | 23(14.8) | |
| 21–25 | 132(43.7) | 58(39.5) | 74(47.7) | |
| 26–30 | 99(32.8) | 52(35.4) | 47(30.3) | |
| 31–35 | 15(5.0) | 4(2.7) | 11(7.1) | |
| Mean ± SD | 24.0 ± 3.6 | 23.6±3.4 | 24.3±3.7 | 0.082a |
| Ethnicity | 0.001* | |||
| Upper Caste | 153(50.7) | 58(39.5) | 95(61.3) | |
| Janajati | 38(12.6) | 21(14.3) | 17(11.0) | |
| Dalit | 111(36.8) | 68(46.3) | 43(27.7) | |
| Education status | <0.001* | |||
| Never attended school | 94 (31.1) | 65(44.2) | 29(18.7) | |
| Primary education | 103(34.1) | 53(36.1) | 50(32.3) | |
| Secondary education | 62(20.5) | 18(12.2) | 44(28.4) | |
| Higher secondary education and above | 43(14.2) | 11(7.5) | 32(20.6) | |
| Type of Family | 0.845 | |||
| Nuclear | 210 (69.5) | 103(70.1) | 107(69.0) | |
| Joint | 92(30.5) | 44(29.9) | 48(31.0) | |
| Occupation | <0.001* | |||
| Business | 34 (11.3) | 3(2.0) | 31(20.0) | |
| Service | 8(2.6) | 3(2.0) | 5(3.2) | |
| Labor | 32(10.6) | 19(12.9) | 13(8.4) | |
| Home maker | 48(15.9) | 24(16.3) | 24(15.5) | |
| Agriculture | 180(59.6) | 98(66.7) | 82(52.9) | |
| Monthly income (USD) | <0.001* | |||
| ≤ 100 | 149(49.3) | 91(61.9) | 58(37.4) | |
| >100 | 153(50.7) | 56(38.1) | 97(62.6) | |
| Mean ± SD ($) | 120.1 ± 68.9 | 103.2±60.0 | 136±72.9 | <0.001a* |
| Age at marriage (years) | 0.374 | |||
| <15 Years | 25(8.3) | 12(8.2) | 13(8.4) | |
| 16–20 | 247(81.8) | 124(84.4) | 123(79.4) | |
| 21–25 | 30(9.9) | 11(7.5) | 19(12.3) | |
| (Mean ± SD) | 17.8± 2.2 | 17.3±1.9 | 18.3±2.3 | <0.001a* |
|
Age at first pregnancy (Years) |
<0.001* | |||
| 15–19 | 196(64.9) | 121(82.3) | 75(48.4) | |
| 20–24 | 90(29.8) | 20(13.6) | 70(45.2) | |
| 25–29 | 16(5.3) | 6(4.1) | 10(6.5) | |
| Mean ± SD | 19.1±2.1 | 18.5±1.8 | 19.6±2.3 | <0.001a* |
|
Age of last baby (months) Mean ± SD |
12.3± 7.5 | 12.3±7.2 | 12.3±7.8 | 0.964a |
| Number of child | <0.001* | |||
| One | 104(34.4) | 61(41.5) | 43(27.7) | |
| Two | 133(44.0) | 47(32.0) | 86(55.5) | |
| Three and above | 65(21.5) | 39(26.5) | 26(16.8) | |
| Antenatal care visit | <0.001* | |||
| One | 30(9.6) | 18(12.2) | 12(7.7) | |
| Two | 56(18.5) | 38(25.9) | 18(11.6) | |
| Three | 46(15.2) | 32(21.8) | 14(9.0) | |
| Four and above | 170(56.3) | 59(40.1) | 111(71.6) | |
| Postnatal care visit | <0.001* | |||
| No visit | 127(42.1) | 91(61.9) | 36(23.2) | |
| 1–2 times | 92(30.5) | 29(19.7) | 63(40.6) | |
| 3 times and above | 83(27.5) | 27(18.4) | 56(36.1) | |
| Place of delivery | 0.001* | |||
| Home | 180(59.6) | 102(69.4) | 78(50.3) | |
| Health facility | 122(40.4) | 45(30.6) | 77(49.7) | |
|
Distance of heath facility (Minutes) |
<0.001* | |||
| <30 | 162(53.6) | 63(42.9) | 99(63.9) | |
| ≥30–59 | 87(28.8) | 44(29.9) | 43(27.7) | |
| ≥60 | 53(17.5) | 40(27.2) | 13(8.4) | |
| Mean ± SD | 38.7±33.5 | 44.1±36.7 | 33.6±29.5 | 0.007a* |
| Smoking | 0.893 | |||
| No | 227(75.2) | 111(75.5) | 116(74.8) | |
| Yes | 75(24.8) | 36(24.5) | 39(25.2) | |
| Alcohol intake habit | 0.097 | |||
| No | 164(54.3) | 87(59.2) | 77(49.7) | |
| Yes | 138(45.7) | 60(40.8) | 78(50.3) | |
a P-value from independent t-test; and others are from Chi-Square test.
* P-value <0.05.
SD, standard deviation.