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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Sep 17.
Published in final edited form as: Circulation. 2019 Aug 12;140(12):979–991. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.041014

Figure 1. Restricted cubic spline curves for associations between 12-year changes in plant-based diet indices and total mortality.

Figure 1.

A. Overall plant-based diet index (PDI). B. Healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI). C. Unhealthful plant-based diet index (uPDI). Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios are calculated by restricted cubic spline regression adjusted for age, sex, race, initial plant-based diet index score, family history of myocardial infarction, diabetes, or cancer, aspirin use, multivitamin use, initial body mass index, weight change, menopausal status and hormone use in women, smoking status, history of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, or type 2 diabetes, antihypertensive medication use, cholesterol-lowering medication use, and initial and changes in each of smoking pack-years, physical activity, total energy intake, alcohol consumption, and margarine intake. Solid curves represent point estimates and dashed curves represent 95% confidence intervals (CIs).