Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2019 Sep 16;9:13390. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-48822-w

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Cytokine expression. PBMCs were pretreated with different concentrations of WS-CM or 100 µg/mL equi-nicotine units of STE for 3 hours and stimulated with the agonists for 24 hours. Levels of cytokines in the culture supernatants were determined using a cytometric bead array and flow cytometer. Each point represents the mean ± SD error bars of four donors from a representative experiment. Since the 3 cytokine levels with high dose treatment and the TNF levels in medium dose WS-CM were below the limits of detection, lowest detectable values were used to compute statistical significance. The statistical significance was indicated by: *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.005.