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. 2019 Sep 16;9:13409. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-49823-5

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Bar graphs representing mean changes in the (A) Shannon Index (±standard error) and (B) Observed OTU values (±standard error) compared to the index time point (time point where urine specimens were collected and then immediately frozen at −80 °C) for urine specimens from all participants. Urine specimens preserved in AA are demonstrated by the white bars, and specimens without preservative are shown by gray bars. The mean change in alpha diversity measures are shown on the y-axis and specimen storage conditions are demonstrated on the x-axis. The ‘*’ represents values that are statistically significant with p-values ≤ 0.05 determined by an ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey HSD.