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. 2019 Sep 10;10:2071. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02071

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Copyright © 2019 Danger, Chesneau, Delbos, Le Bot, Kerleau, Chenouard, Ville, Degauque, Conchon, Cesbron, Giral and Brouard.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Depleting induction treatment altered cTfh frequency at M12. (A) Compared to non-depleting or no induction treatment (white boxes), the ATG-depleting induction treatment (gray boxes) was associated with a decrease in CD4⁺ T lymphocyte frequency and number, a decrease in total cTfh number at M12 (p < 0.0001) but not with total cTfh frequency. (B) Increase frequencies of the three CXCR5⁺PD1⁺, CXCR5⁺PD1⁺ICOS⁺, and CXCR5⁺PD1⁺CXCR3⁻ activated cTfh subsets were associated with depleting treatment at M12 (B, p < 0.0001). (C, left) Depleting treatment was associated with an increase of PD1 MFI in CXCR5⁺PD1⁺ cTfhs at M12 compared to day 0 (p < 0.0001). (C, right) Representative histograms of PD1 MFI in total cTfhs from one patient at day 0 and M12 are displayed. (D) No difference between dnDSA intensity (maximum of MFI) at detection time was observed (p = 0.41). For A, B, and C, whisker boxes with 95% confidence intervals are displayed. P-values of paired Wilcoxon (for A, B, and C) and Mann-Whitney (D) tests are indicated.