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. 2019 Sep 16;9:13309. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-49811-9

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Enhancement of primed Arabidopsis plants’ resistance to indicated antagonists (i.e. ASA in Table 1). Results of meta-analysis of data obtained from 267 experiments described in 77 publications. Hedge’s g indicates the treatment effect for each taxonomic group of antagonists, and negative values imply that primed plants were less damaged (or hosted less fit antagonists) than unprimed controls. Numbers of relevant experiments are shown in brackets, and symbols specify means of Hedge’s g ± SE bars. Different letters along the right-hand axis indicate significant differences according to the Kruskal Wallis test (α = 0.05) followed by Dunn’s test post-hoc test to rank differences (α 0.05).