Table 1.
Overview of seed priming studies.
| Host Plant (HP) | Priming Stimulus* | Stress Agent (ASA)** | Trait | Priming*** | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. PKM-1 | Bacillus subtilis (TN_Vel-35) (b) | Alternaria solani (f) | HP: Gene expr. & enz. activity (POX, PPO)│Growth, yield, nutrient uptake, germination, vigour ASA: Disease symptoms | HP (+│+) ASA (−) | Babu et al. (2015) |
| Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. PKM-1 | Azotobacter chroococcum (KR_Tri-17) (b) | Alternaria solani (f) | HP: Enz. activity (POX, PPO)│Growth, yield, nutrient uptake, vigour ASA: Disease symptoms | HP (+│+) ASA (−) | Babu et al. (2015) |
| Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. PKM-1 | Bacillus cereus KA_Mys-39 (b) | Alternaria solani (f) | HP: Enz. activity (POX, PPO)│Growth, yield, nutrient uptake, germination, vigour ASA: Disease symptoms | HP (+│+) ASA (−) | Babu et al. (2015) |
| Pisum sativum L. | Pseudomonas chlororaphis MA 342 (b) | Acyrthosiphon pisum (a) | ASA: Population growth | ASA (−) | Hamada et al.27 |
| Capsicum annuum L. cv. Bukwang | Bacillus gaemokensis (PB69) metabolites (b) | Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans (b) Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria (b) | HP: Gene expr. (LOX)│Growth, yield ASA: Disease symptoms | HP (+│+) ASA (−) | Song et al.18 |
| Cucumis sativus L. cv. Backdadagi | Bacillus gaemokensis (PB69) metabolites (b) | Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans (b) Spodoptera litura (l) | HP: Gene expr. (LOX)│Growth, yield ASA: Disease symptoms, expansion rate, survival rate | HP (+│+) ASA (−) | Song et al.18 |
| Gossypium hirsutum | Beauveria bassiana (f) | Aphis gossypii (a) | ASA: Population growth | ASA (−) | Castillo Lopez et al. (2014) |
| Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Oogata-fukuju | Trichoderma harzianum (TriH_JSB27) (f) | Ralstonia solanacearum (b) | HP: Gene expr. & enz. activity (PAL)│Growth, yield, nutrient uptake, germination, vigour ASA: Disease symptoms | HP (+│+) ASA (−) | Jogaiah et al.15 |
| Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Oogata-fukuju | Trichoderma harzianum (TriH_JSB36) (f) | Ralstonia solanacearum (b) | HP: Growth, yield, nutrient uptake, germination, vigour ASA: Disease symptoms | HP (+) ASA (−) | Jogaiah et al.15 |
| Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Oogata-fukuju | Penicillium chrysogenum (PenC_JSB41) (f) | Ralstonia solanacearum (b) | HP: Gene expr. & enz. activity (PAL)│Growth, yield, nutrient uptake, germination, vigour ASA: Disease symptoms | HP (+│+) ASA (−) | Jogaiah et al.15 |
| Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Oogata-fukuju | Phoma multirostrata (PhoM_JSB17) (f) | Ralstonia solanacearum (b) | HP: Growth, yield, nutrient uptake, germination, vigour ASA: Disease symptoms | HP (+) ASA (−) | Jogaiah et al.15 |
| Helianthus annuus L. cv. Morden | Trichoderma harzianum PGPFYCM-14 (f) | Plasmopara halstedii (o) | HP: Growth, yield, nutrient uptake, germination, vigour ASA: Disease symptoms | HP (+) ASA (-) | Nagaraju et al. (2012) |
| Picea abies | JA | Hylobius abietis (bc) | HP: Growth ASA: Attack, girdling | HP (0) ASA (−) | Berglund et al.26 |
| Solanum lycopersicum cv Carousel | JAa | Tetranychus urticae (s) Myzus persicae (a) Manduca sexta (l) Botrytis cinerea (f) | HP: Gene expr. (PinII)│Growth, yield ASA: Disease symptoms, population growth, fecundity, survival | HP (+│0) ASA (−) | Worrall et al.20 |
| Capsicum annuum L. cv. Bukwang | BTHb | Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans (b)Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria (b) | HP: Gene exp. (PR1) ASA: Damage symptoms | HP (+) ASA (−) | Song et al.18 |
| Cucumis sativus L. cv. Backdadagi | BTHb | Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans (b) | HP: Gene expr. (PR2)│Growth, yield ASA: Disease symptoms, expansion rate | HP (+│0) ASA (−) | Song et al.18 |
| Solanum lycopersicum cv Carousel | BABAc | Oidium neolycopersici (f) | ASA: Colonization | ASA (−) | Worrall et al.20 |
| Picea abies | NIA (v:B3) | Hylobius abietis (bc) | HP: Growth ASA: Girdling | HP (0) ASA (−) | Berglund et al.26 |
| Picea abies | NIC (v:B3) | Hylobius abietis (bc) | HP: Growth ASA: Attack, girdling | HP (0) ASA (−) | Berglund et al.26 |
| Hordeum vulgare L. | Thiamine (v:B1) | Rhopalosiphum padi (a) Sitobion avenae (a) | ASA: Population growth, fecundity, settlement | ASA (−) | Hamada & Johnsson66 |
| Pisum sativum L. | Thiamine (v:B1) | Acyrthosiphon pisum (a) | ASA: Population growth | ASA (−) | Hamada & Johnsson66 |
| Avena sativa L. | Thiamine (v:B1) | Rhopalosiphum padi (a) | ASA: Population growth, fecundity, settlement | ASA (−) | Hamada et al.27 |
| Hordeum vulgare L. | Thiamine (v:B1) | Myzus persicae (a) Rhopalosiphum padi (a) | ASA: Population growth, fecundity, settlement, lifespan | ASA (−) | Hamada et al.27 |
| Pisum sativum L. | Thiamine (v:B1) | Myzus persicae (a) Acyrthosiphon pisum (a) | ASA: Population growth, settlement | ASA (−) | Hamada et al.27 |
| Triticum aestivum L. | Thiamine (v:B1) | Myzus persicae (a) Rhopalosiphum padi (a) | ASA: Population growth, fecundity, settlement, lifespan | ASA (−) | Hamada et al.27 |
| Pennisetum glaucum (L.) | Thiamine (v:B1) | Sclerospora graminicola (o) | HP: Enz. activity (LOX)│Growth ASA: Disease symptoms | HP (+│+) ASA (−) | Pushpalatha et al.62 |
| Pennisetum glaucum (L.) | Riboflavin (v:B2) | Sclerospora graminicola (o) | HP: Growth, yield, germination, vigour ASA: Disease symptoms | HP (+) ASA (−) | Pushpalatha et al.62 |
| Pennisetum glaucum (L.) | Niacin (v:B3) | Sclerospora graminicola (o) | HP: Growth, yield, germination, vigour ASA: Disease symptoms | HP (+) ASA (−)(−) | Pushpalatha et al.62 |
| Pennisetum glaucum (L.) | MSB (v:K3) | Sclerospora graminicola (o) | HP: Growth, yield, germination, vigour ASA: Disease symptoms | HP (+) ASA (−) | Pushpalatha et al.62 |
Priming Agents: JA = Jasmonic acid, BABA = beta-aminobutyric acid, MSB = menadione sodium bisulphite, NIA = nicotinic acid, NIC = nicotinamide, BTH = benzothiadiazole, v: = vitamin:type. Antagonist Stress Agent: (s) = spider mite, (a) = aphid, (bc) = beetle, coleoptera, (l) = caterpillar, lepidopteran, (f) = fungus, (b) = bacteria, (o) = oomycota. Response Trait: trait used to assess priming effect: e.g. growth, damage symptoms or gene activity (PAL = Phenylalanine ammonia lyase, POX = peroxidase, PPO = polyphenol oxidase, LOX = lipoxygenase). Priming: Evidence of phenotypic differences between primed and un-primed plants, measuring directly on host plant (HP) or indirectly as antagonist stress agent response (ASA); (+) = enhanced, (−) reduced, (0) = no difference.
aJA had a negative effect on Solanum lycopersicum primary root length.
bBTH had a positive effect on Spodoptera litura weight in Cucumis sativus L. cv. Backdadagi, and a negative effect on Capsicum annuum L. cv. Bukwang shoot length.
cBABA had a positive effect on mean area of lesions caused by Botrytis cinerea.