. 2019 Sep 10;10:1758. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01758

Table 4.

Effect sizes for the pre-post treatment effects of VR exposure therapy and in vivo exposure therapy.

						Pre		Post		Effect size
											95% CI
References	Phobia	Sample	Anxiety measure		n	M	SD	M	SD	g	LL	UL
Rothbaum et al., 2000	Specific Phobia	Completer	FFI	VRET	15	105.85	35.91	86.14	37.40	0.51	−0.22	1.23
	(fear of flying)			IVET	15	133.30	42.00	87.53	42.30	1.03	0.17	1.88
Emmelkamp et al., 2002	Specific Phobia	Completer	AQ-Anxiety	VRET	17	57.12	12.18	36.12	20.56	1.18	0.33	2.04
	(fear of heights)			IVET	16	59.06	17.12	42.19	17.14	0.93	0.13	1.74
Rothbaum et al., 2006	Specific Phobia	ITT	FFI	VRET	29	120.38	44.24	103.69	49.35	0.35	−0.17	0.86
	(fear of flying)			IVET	29	116.79	57.74	100.34	43.49	0.31	−0.20	0.83
Michaliszyn et al., 2010	Specific Phobia (fear of spiders)	Completer^a^, ^b	FSQ	VRET	16	104.61	9.59	54.37	22.46	2.76	1.26	4.27
				IVET	16	103.28	13.13	47.88	14.07	3.86	1.86	5.87
Anderson et al., 2013	Social Phobia	ITT	PRCS	VRET	30	24.37	2.54	16.23	7.61	1.40	0.70	2.10
				IVET	39	25.59	2.59	14.79	8.53	1.68	1.00	2.36
Kampmann et al., 2016	Social Phobia	ITT^a	LSAS-SR	VRET	20	73.00	17.25	55.74	18.65	0.92	0.20	1.64
				IVET	20	69.15	19.44	39.22	25.01	1.28	0.46	2.10
Bouchard et al., 2016	Social Phobia	ITT	LSAS-SR	VRET	17	85.1	29.5	51.8	23.3	1.19	0.34	2.05
				IVET	22	74.9	24.5	56.0	26.9	0.71	0.07	1.35
Botella et al., 2007	Agoraphobia	Completer = ITT^c	FQ-Agoraphobia	VRET	12	16.27	14.19	6.82	7.61	0.77	−0.09	1.64
				IVET	12	14.58	11.80	4.25	6.35	1.01	0.07	1.95
Meyerbroeker et al., 2013	Agoraphobia	ITT^b	ACQ	VRET	24	2.58	0.52	1.96	0.53	1.14	0.43	1.85
				IVET	22	2.63	0.66	2.02	0.74	0.84	0.17	1.51

This table provides means and standard deviations of pre and post measurements on the stated anxiety measures, as well as pre to post effect sizes for VR exposure therapy (VRET) and in vivo exposure therapy (IVET) of all studies included in the meta-analysis. Effect sizes were reported as Hedges' g. The statistical values either refer to the completer sample (Completer) or to the intent-to-treat sample (ITT), as mentioned. Studies are sorted by the type of phobia and date of publication. AQ-Anxiety, Acrophobia Questionnaire, Anxiety-subscale; FSQ, Fear of Spiders Questionnaire; FFI, Fear of Flying Inventory; PRCS, Personal Report of Confidence as a Speaker; LSAS-SR, Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale; FQ-Agoraphobia, Fear Questionnaire – Agoraphobia; ACQ, Agoraphobic Cognition Questionnaire; CI, confidence interval; LL, lower limit; UL, upper limit.

The report did not present sample sizes and/or a declaration of ITT or completer sample in the table on means and standard deviations, information from the text was used for specification.

Patients from waitlists were allocated to the VRET and IVET condition and included in the analysis.

The authors reported the same sample size for the number of participants included in the study and the analysis sample.