Table 1.
Potential drugs targeting CSCs in clinical trials.
| Drug | Mechanism of action | Condition or disease | Phase | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WNT-974 | PORCN inhibitors | Colorectal cancer and melanoma | I | (10) |
| ETC-159 | PORCN inhibitors | Advanced solid tumors | I | (11, 12) |
| CGX-1321 | PORCN inhibitors | Refractory solid tumors and advanced gastrointestinal cancers | I | (13) |
| RXC-004 | PORCN inhibitors | Solid tumors | I/II | (14) |
| BC-2059 | β-catenin inhibitors | Desmoid tumors | I | (15) |
| E-7386 | CREB-binding protein (CBP)/β-catenin interaction inhibitors | Solid tumors | I | (16) |
| AL-101 | γ-secretase inhibitors | Adenoid cystic carcinoma | II | (17) |
| Vismodegib | p-glycoprotein inhibitors Breast cancer-resistant protein inhibitors Smo receptor antagonists |
Basal cell carcinoma, other cancers | Launched in 2012 | (18) |
| Sonidegib phosphate | Smo receptor antagonists | Basal cell carcinoma, other cancers | Launched in 2015 | (19) |
| Patidegib | Smo receptor antagonists | Sarcoma, basal cell carcinoma |
III | (20, 21) |
| Taladegib | Smo receptor antagonists | Adenocarcinoma, solid tumors | I/II | (22, 23) |