Table 4.

Potential drugs targeting TME in clinical trials.

Drug	Mechanism of action	Condition or disease	Phase	References
Avadomide hydrochloride	TNF-α production inhibitor and cereblon inhibitors	Solid tumors	I/II	(68)
NIS-793	Anti-TGF-β	Solid tumors	I	(69)
AVID-200	TGF-β inhibitors	Solid tumors	I	(70)
SAR-439459	Anti-TGF-β	Solid tumors	I	(71)
Fresolimumab	Anti-TGF-β	Lung cancer	I/II	(72)
Simotinib hydrochloride	EGFR inhibitors	Lung cancer	I	(73)
Amcasertib	PDGFRα inhibitors	Hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma	II	(74)
Olaratumab	Anti-CD140a (PDGFRα)	Soft tissue sarcoma	Launched in 2016	(75)
Cerdulatinib	JAK and Syk kinase inhibitors	Hematologic cancers	II	(76)
AZD-8055	mTORC1/2 inhibitors	Solid tumors	I	(77)
BI-860585	mTORC1/2 inhibitors	Solid tumors	I	(78)
DCBCI-0901	mTORC1/2 inhibitors Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase alpha (PI3Kα) inhibitors	Solid tumors	I	(79)
LXI-15029	mTORC1/2 inhibitors	Solid tumors	I	(80)
ABI-009	mTOR inhibitors	Metastatic cancer	II	(81)
Sapanisertib	mTORC1/2 inhibitors	Endometrial cancer	II	(82)
GSK-690693	Akt kinases 1 inhibitors	Lymphoma, solid tumors	I	(83)
ARQ-751	pan-Akt inhibitors	Solid tumors	I	(84)
TAS-117	PKB/Akt inhibitors	Solid tumors	II	(85)
Ipatasertib	PKB/Akt inhibitors	Prostate cancer	III	(86)
Siltuximab	Anti-IL6	Multiple myeloma	II	(87)
Sintilimab	Anti-PD-1	Lymphoma, Hodgkin's	Launched in 2019	(88)
Avelumab	Anti-PD-L1	Bladder and kidney cancer	Launched in 2017	(89)