Table 1. Study participants, chronic respiratory disease in rural and urban Uganda, 2015–2016.
| Characteristic | Rural sample (n = 837) | Urban sample (n = 665) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age in years, mean (SD) | 49.1 (11.2) | 44.1 (8.9) | < 0.001 |
| Male sex, no. (%) | 380 (45.4) | 318 (47.8) | 0.40 |
| Height in m, mean (SD) | 1.60 (0.1) | 1.62 (0.1) | < 0.001 |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 24.0 (4.5) | 25.9 (5.4) | < 0.001 |
| Secondary education, no. (%) | 173 (21) | 328 (50) | < 0.001 |
| Household size, median (IQR) | 5 (3–7) | 5 (3–7) | 0.50 |
| Biomass fuel smoke exposure, no. (%) | |||
| Daily biomass fuel use | 832 (99.6) | 614 (93.6) | < 0.001 |
| Fuel type | |||
| Wood | 771 (92.3) | 50 (7.6) | < 0.001 |
| Charcoal | 61 (7.3) | 564 (86.0) | < 0.001 |
| Kerosene | 1 (0.1) | 22 (3.4) | < 0.001 |
| Propane | 0 (0.0) | 12 (1.8) | < 0.001 |
| Electricity | 2 (0.2) | 6 (0.9) | 0.16 |
| Other | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.3) | 0.38 |
| Daily tobacco smoking, no. (%) | 66 (7.9) | 65 (9.8) | 0.20 |
| Clinical history, no. (%) | |||
| Personal history of treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis | 22 (3.0) | 22 (3.6) | 0.70 |
| Personal history of hypertension | 80 (9.8) | 77 (13.3) | 0.05 |
| Personal history of diabetes | 5 (0.7) | 22 (4.5) | < 0.001 |
| Personal history of HIV infection | 68 (8.1) | 65 (9.8) | 0.67 |
| Family history of asthma or COPD | 6 (1.0) | 137 (33.6) | < 0.001 |
BMI: body mass index; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; IQR: interquartile range; SD: standard deviation.