Figure 4.

Conformational rearrangement of integrin upon attachment to substrate [79,80,81]. Integrin receptor proteins work as αβ heterodimers. When attaching to substrate, integrins undergo conformational rearrangements from bent conformation with low affinity for ligand to extended conformation with high affinity for ligand. This integrin binding to substrates induces signal transduction and provides physical connections between extracellular and intracellular regions through focal adhesion complex formation.