Table 3.

Summary of the specific aims of the animal models cited in the present review.

Type of Model
Purpose of Model	Rat	Rabbit	Pig	NHP
TREATMENT [References]	Efficacy of new antibiotics [72,76,83,85,89,90]	Evaluate pharmacokinetic and efficacy of different drugs [101,105,106,107,108]	Development of directed therapies against pneumococcus [125,126,127]	Test new drugs for ARDS [139,140,141]
	Test new drugs for sepsis [82,84,93,94]	Test new drugs in pneumococcal sepsis [113]	Therapies against inflammatory complications [125,126,127]
PREVENTION [References]	Test vaccination efficacy and safety [95]		Development of vaccines [114,125,126,127]	Test vaccination efficacy and safety [136,137,138]
PATHOGENESIS [References]	Impaired phagocytosis [76,77,78,79,80]	Measure inoculum size [99,100,101,102]	Evaluate VAP [114,119,120,121,122,123,124]	Pneumococcal colonization [128]
	Effect of pneumolysin [77,78,79,80,81]	Effect of pneumoccoccal cell surface components [99,103]	Assess pneumococcal invasive disease [125,126,127]	Assess pneumococcal components [129,130,131]
	Measure inoculum size [82,83]	Role of the platelet-activating factor on lung inflammation [99,103]	Evaluate oropharyngeal colonization [125,126,127]	Measure inoculum size [134,135]
	Measure inflammatory levels in the lungs [82,84]	Role of host oligosaccharides [104]	Evaluate pneumococcal transmission [125,126,127]	Assess severity of illness [132,133]
	Assess virulence of different serotypes [78,79,83]	Assess different pneumococcal serotypes [18,101,105,106]	Evaluate platelet activation and hyperreactivity reactions [125,126,127]
	Evaluate pneumonia in immunocompromised host [76,85,86,87,88]	Pneumococcal sepsis [108,109,110,111,112]
	Pneumococcal sepsis [76,88,91,92]
	Evaluate pneumococcal complications [83]