LDL |
Low-density lipoprotein |
GSH |
Glutathione |
FXR |
Farnesoid X receptor |
PXR |
Pregnane X receptor |
CETP |
Cholesterolester transfer protein |
PLTP |
Phospholipid transfer protein |
IL |
Interleukin |
TNF-α |
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha |
NO |
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha |
iNOS |
Inducible nitric oxide synthase |
PGE2 |
Prostaglandin E2 |
LPS |
Lipopolysaccharide |
COX-2 |
Cyclooxygenase-2 |
NF-κB |
Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells |
IKB |
Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B |
IKK |
Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase |
NIK |
NF-κB-inducible kinase |
Akt |
Protein kinase B |
MAPK |
Mitogen-activated protein kinase |
AP-1 |
Activator protein 1 |
ERK |
Extracellular regulated protein kinases |
JNK |
c-Jun N-terminal kinase |
STAT |
Signal transducers and activators of transcription |
JAK |
Janus kinase |
MCP-1 |
Monocyte chemotactic protein 1 |
ICAM-1 |
Intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 |
HUVECs |
Human umbilical vein endothelial cells |
HO-1 |
Hemeoxygenase-1 |
Sirt1 |
Sirtuin 1 |
ROS |
Reactive oxygen species |
Nrf2 |
Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 |
CYP450s |
Cytochrome P450 |
Keap1 |
Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 |
ARE |
Antioxidant response element |
Bcl-2 |
B-cell lymphoma-2 |
mcl1 |
Myeloid cell leukemia-1 |
cFLIP |
Cellular FLICE-inhibitory Protein |
PI3K |
Phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase |
Sp1 |
Specificity protein 1 |
ATF3 |
Activating transcription factor 3 |
MMP-2 |
Matrix metalloproteinase-2 |
GSK3β |
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta |
BTF3 |
Basic transcription factor 3 |
EC |
Endothelial cell |
ECM |
Extracellular matrix |
uPA |
Urokinase type plasminogen activator |
VEGF |
Vascular endothelial growth factor |
FAK |
Focal adhesion kinase |
CP |
Cafestol palmitate |
KP |
Kahweol palmitate |
T2D |
Type-2-diabetes |
PPAR |
Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor |
C/EBPα |
CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha |
FABP 4 |
Fatty acid-binding protein 4 |
FASN |
Fatty acid synthase |
AMPK |
Adenosine 5‘-monophosphate-activated protein kinase |
PHIP |
2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4,5-bpyridine] |
SULT |
Sulfotransferase |
OCs |
Osteoclasts |
OBs |
Osteoblasts |
NFATc1 |
Nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic-1 |
RANKL |
Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand |