AVC	Aortic valve calcification
BMD	Bone mineral density
CAC	Coronary artery calcification
CaP	Calcium phosphate mineral
CHD	Coronary heart disease
CKD	Chronic kidney disease
CPPs	Circulating calciprotein particles
CRP	C-reactive protein
CVD	Cardiovascular disease
cGRP	γ-Carboxylated Gla-rich Protein
dp-ucMGP	Desphospho-uncarboxylated Matrix Gla Protein
EVs	Extracellular vesicles
GGCX	Gamma-glutamyl carboxylase
Gla	Gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residue
Glu	Glutamic acid residue
GRP	Gla-rich Protein
HD	Haemodialysis
IL-6	Interleukin 6
MGP	Matrix Gla Protein
MKs	Menaquinones
NF-κB	Nuclear factor kappa B
OA	Osteoarthritis
OC	Osteocalcin
RA	Rheumatoid arthritis
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
SASP	Senescence-associated secretory phenotype
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor alpha
ucGRP	Uncarboxylated Gla-rich Protein
ucMGP	Uncarboxylated Matrix Gla Protein
ucOC	Uncarboxylated Osteocalcin
VC	Vascular calcification
VKA	Vitamin K antagonist
VKDPs	Vitamin K-dependent proteins
VSMCs	Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells