Table 2.
The intervention characteristics of all selected trials.
| Studies | TCC Style | Weekly Dosage | Duration | Supervisor (Y or N) | Emotion Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bao et al. 2015 | Yang style | 60 min × 5 | 1 year | Y 1 | PHCSCS 3 |
| Chang et al. 2013 | Cheng Style | 60 min × 3 | 12 weeks | Y | BAI 4 |
| Frith et al. 2011 | N/A 5 | 5~10 min × 3 | 5–10 min | Y | TESI 6 VAS 7 |
| Frye et al. 2007 | Yang style | 60 min × 3 | 12 weeks | Y | STAI 8 SAS 9 CES-D 10 |
| Gallegos et al. 2016 | Tsung Hwa/Canneti/Rooting/Chen style (Mixed) | 30 min × 2 | 30 × 2 min | Y | DASS-21 11 |
| Hong et al. 2017 | N/A | 60 min × 4 | 2 months | NR | SCL-90 12 |
| Li, A et al. 2006 | N/A | 30 min × 5 | 15 weeks | NR | SCL-90 |
| Li, F et al. 2001 | Condensed, classical Yang form | 60 min × 2 | 24 weeks | Y | CESD-20 13 PANAS-20 14 PWPD 15 SWLS 16 |
| Liao et al. 2018 | Yang Style | 50 min × 3 | 3 months | N/A | GDS 17 |
| Noradechanunt et al. 2017 | 12 Movement Sun style | 60 min × 2 | 12 weeks | N2 | CES-D |
| Sattin et al. 2005 | N/A | 60~90 min × 2 | 48 weeks | Y | CES-D |
| Schitter et al. 2016 | Yang style | 60 min × 2 | 12 weeks | Y | CES-D ADS-K 18 |
| Zhang et al. 2014 | N/A | 30~60 min × 3 | 18 months | Y | SECF 19 HAMA 20 HAMD 21 |
| Zheng et al. 2017 | Sim-24 | 60 min × 2 | 12 weeks | Y (First 6 weeks) | STAI PSS 22 SF-36 23 |
1 Y: Yes; 2 N: No; 3 PHCSCS: Piers–Harris Children’s Self-Concept Scale; 4 BAI: The Beck Anxiety Inventory; 5 N/A: Not reported; 6 TESI: Tension and Effort Stress Inventory; 7 VAS: A bipolar visual analogue scale; 8 STAI: the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; 9 SAS: Spielberger Anxiety Scale; 10 CES-D: the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale; 11 DASS-21: the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales; 12 SCL-90: Self-reporting Inventory-90; 13 CESD-20: 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale; 14 PANAS-20: the 20-item Positive and Negative Affect Schedule; 15 PWPD: Positive well-being and psychological distress (subscale of the Subjective Exercise Experiences); 16 SWLS: the Satisfaction with life scale; 17 GDS: the Geriatric Depression Scale; 18 ADS-K: Allgemeine Depressionsskala -Kurzform questionnaire; 19 SECF: SECF Cognitive Scale; 20 HAMA: Hamilton Anxiety Scale; 21 HAMD: Hamilton Depression Scale; 22 PSS: The Perceived Stress Scale; 23 SF-36: 36-item short form survey.