| ACRs | ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers |
| AGO | Argonaute |
| ATM/ATR | Ataxia telangiectasia mutated /ATM and rad3-related |
| BER or NER | Base or nucleotide excision repair |
| CHD | Chromodomain helicase DNA |
| DDR | DNA damage response |
| diRNAs or DDRNAs | DSB-induced RNAs or DNA damage response RNAs |
| DME/DML2/DML3 | Demeter/Demeter-like2/Demeter-like3 |
| DSBs | DNA double-strand breaks |
| HDACs | Histone deacetylases |
| HR | Homologous recombination |
| INO80 | Inositol-requiring mutant80 |
| ISWI | Imitation switch |
| MET1/CMT2/3/DRM2 | Methyltransferase1/Chromomethylase2/3/Domains rearranged methyltransferase2 |
| miRNAs | MicroRNAs |
| MMR | Mismatch repair |
| NHEJ | Non-homologous end-joining |
| PTMs | Post-translational modifications |
| RAD54 | Radiation-sensitive54 |
| RBR1 | Retinoblastoma related1 |
| RdDM | RNA-directed DNA methylation |
| ROS1 | Repressor of silencing1 |
| siRNAs | Small interfering RNAs |
| sncRNAs or lncRNA | Small or long noncoding RNAs |
| SOG1 | Suppressor of gamma response1 |
| SWI/SNF | Switch/Sucrose nonfermentable |
| TGS | Transcriptional gene silencing |