Table 3.

Novel agents targeting microenvironment components that achieve clinical benefits in combination with a cisplatin-containing regimen.

Drug	Category	Major target	Clinical benefit	Reference
Bevacizumab	Angiogenesis antagonist	Vascular endothelial growth factor A	1. In the AVAil study, combination therapy (cisplatin, gemcitabine plus bevacizumab) prolonged PFS (HR = 0.82; p = 0.03) in first-line therapy for patients with advanced nonsquamous nonsmall-cell lung cancer compared with the control group (cisplatin plus gemcitabine). 2. In the AVAPERL study, combination therapy (cisplatin, pemetrexed plus bevacizumab) prolonged PFS (HR = 0.48; p < 0.001) in first-line therapy for patients with advanced nonsquamous nonsmall-cell lung cancer compared with the control group (cisplatin plus pemetrexed).	[84,85]
Pembrolizumab	Immune check point inhibitor	Programmed cell death protein 1	In the KEYNOTE-189 study, combination therapy (cisplatin, pemetrexed plus pembrolizumab) increased OS at 12 months (HR = 0.49; p < 0.001) in first-line therapy for patients with advanced nonsmall-cell lung cancer compared with the control group (cisplatin plus pemetrexed).	[101]

PRS: progression-free survival, HR: hazard ratio, OS: overall survival.