| 5-FU | 5-fluorouracil |
| AML | Acute myeloid leukemia |
| ALL | Acute lymphoblastic leukemia |
| ATT | Androgen receptor axis-targeted therapies |
| BSI | Bloodstream infections |
| CPIs | Checkpoint inhibitors |
| CRC | Colorectal cancer |
| CTLA-4 | Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 |
| CV | Coefficient of variation |
| dHPLC | Denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography |
| FISH | Fluorescent in situ hybridization |
| FMT | Fecal microbiota transplantation |
| GNRH | Gonadotropin-releasing hormone |
| GPCR | G protein-coupled receptor |
| I | Ipilimumab |
| IN | Ipilimumab + nivolumab |
| LDA | Linear discriminant analysis |
| N | Nivolumab |
| NET | Neuroendocrine tumors |
| NSCLC | Non-small cell lung cancer |
| OTU | Operational taxonomic unit |
| OS | Overall survival |
| P | Pembrolizumab |
| PCA | Principal component analysis |
| PCoA | Principal coordinate analysis |
| PCR-DGGE | Polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis |
| PD-1 | Programmed cell death protein 1 |
| PFS | Progression free survival |
| PICOS | Participants, interventions, comparators, outcome measures, study design |
| qPCR | Quantitative polymerase chain reaction |
| QUIPS | Quality In Prognosis Studies |
| RECIST | Response evaluation criteria in solid tumors |
| RCC | Renal cell carcinoma |
| SCFA | Short-chain fatty acids |
| WMGS | Whole metagenome sequencing |