Figure 2.

Delivery of FITC-dextran 70 kDa to B16 tumor cells by VNB photoporation. (A) B16 cells were incubated with different AuNP concentrations, after which, the excess of AuNPs was washed away. Left: Attachment of AuNPs (concentration: 8 × 10⁷ AuNPs/mL) to the cells visualized by confocal reflection microscopy and overlayed with a light transmission image of the cells (scale bar = 20 µm). Right: The average number of cell-attached AuNPs was quantified for each of the AuNP concentrations using image processing (quantified from >100 cells for each condition). B16 cells were transfected with FITC-dextran 70 kDa (at 2 mg/mL) after incubation with different concentrations of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Untreated cells, cells incubated with AuNPs and FITC-dextran, and cells treated only with laser pulses (without AuNPs) were included as controls. (B) Confocal images of B16 cells after FITC-dextran delivery (scale bar = 100 µm). (C) FITC-dextran transfection efficiency as determined by flow cytometry (n = 4, independent experiments). (D) Cell viability after photoporation treatment (n = 3, independent experiments).