Table 2.
Examples of studies that evaluated CSF β1–42 (Aβ1–42), total tau (t-tau), phosphorylated tau (p-tau) as potential biomarkers for MCI or AD-MCI.
| Diagnosis | Aβ1–42 (pg/mL) |
t-tau (pg/mL) |
p-tau (pg/mL) |
Diagnostic Criteria | Findings | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Controls (n = 28) |
721 | 177 | 34 | MMSE & MDB | Aβ1-42 and p-tau predictive in MCI-AD conversion | Parnetti et al. (2012) [43] |
| MCI (n = 58) |
919 | 261 | 41 | |||
| MCI-AD (n = 32) |
480 | 475 | 90 | |||
| AD (n = 28) |
446 | 680 | 72 | |||
| Cut offs | 1372 | 416 | 59 | |||
| Controls (n = 114) |
205.63 | 69.65 | 24.84 | NINCDS-ADRDA | Tau and Aβ42 abnormalities are cognitive decline marker | Okonkwo et al. (2010) [44] |
| MCI (n = 95) |
163.31 | 103.54 | 35.68 | |||
| AD (n = 100) |
143.51 | 121.57 | 41.73 | |||
| Cut offs | 192 | 93 | 23 | |||
| Controls (n = 94) |
1325 | 217 | 19.0 | NIA-AA | Tau/Aβ ratios may be accurate marker for MCI/AD | Hansson et al. (2018) [45] |
| Early MCI (n = 272) |
1066 | 234 | 20.7 | |||
| Late MCI (n = 152) |
784 | 291 | 28.0 | |||
| AD (n = 128) |
595 | 340 | 33.8 | |||
| Cut offs | 880 | 0.33 | 0.028 | |||
| Controls (n = 41) |
503.99 | 86.03 | 41.59 | NINCDS-ADRDA | CSF biomarkers could have successful predictive value of AD/dementia | Forlenza et al. (2015) [46] |
| MCI (n = 68) |
410.91 | 88.38 | 45.92 | |||
| AD (n = 41) |
328.76 | 145.69 | 66.72 | |||
| Cut offs | 416 | 76.7 | 36.1 |
MMSE & MDB = Mini Mental State Examination and Mental Deterioration Battery; NINCDS-ADRDA = National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Diseases and Stroke/Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders Association; NIA-AA = National Institute on Aging and Alzheimer’s Association; AD-MCI = Alzheimer’s disease—Mild Cognitive Impairment; CSF = cerebrospinal fluid.