Table 2.
Dual effects of PXR in atopic dermatitis.
| Pro-AD | Anti-AD | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Ligands | High affinity | TCDD, PAHs (DMBA, BaP) Pollutants (??) |
Rifampicin, others?? |
| Low affinity | ?? | ?? | |
| Epidermis | Focal hyperplasia Mild hyperkeratosis ↑KRT16 ↑TEWL ↑surface skin pH ↑ki67+ KCs ↑ short chain ceramides |
↑FLG | |
| Inflammation | ↑IL6, ↑TSLP, ↑IL1B, ↑IL13, ↑CCL27, ↑IL18 |
↓IFN-γ ↓COX2 |
|
| ↑Th2 | |||
| ↑Th17 (↑IL17A) | |||
| ↑ LC activation | |||
| ↑ILC2 | |||
| dermal inflammatory infiltrate (eosinophils, T cells) | |||
| Oxidative stress | ↑CYPs | ||
| Cell damage | ↑DNA damage | ||
| Atopy (atopic march) | ↑serum IgE, ↑serum IgG1 ↑Th2 in lymph nodes |
↑: upregulation, ↓: downregulation, ??: unknown.