Table 2.

Pre-operative, patient-level factors that predict diabetes remission following bariatric surgery, identified among different studies.

Study	Factors Predicting Remission	Factors Exerting a Neutral Effect
Pories et al. (1995) [42]	Shorter T2DM duration Younger age
Dixon et al. (2002) [44]	Shorter diabetes duration
Schauer et al. (2003) [46]	Better pre-operative glycemic control Absence of insulin treatment Shorter diabetes duration
Dixon et al. (2008) [48]	Better pre-operative glycemic control	Sex, age, baseline BMI, baseline C-peptide level, time spent engaged in planned physical activity
Schauer et al. (2012) (STAMPEDE) [51]	Shorter T2DM duration	Age, sex, insulin use pre-op, baseline BMI, HbA1c, C-peptide, CRP, BP, lipids
Mingrone et al. (2012) [52]	Baseline triglyceride concentration
Carlsson et al. (2012) (SOS cohort) [53]	Shorter T2DM duration, use of oral antidiabetic agents vs. no use, lower baseline glucose	Age, sex, baseline BMI, baseline insulin treatment
Gregg et al. (2012) (Look AHEAD) [55]	Shorter diabetes duration Better pre-operative glycemic control Absence of insulin treatment	Age, sex, race, baseline BMI, antihypertensive treatment, history of cardiovascular disease (CVD)
Arteburn et al. (2013) [56]	Male sex Shorter T2DM duration Better pre-operative glycemic control No use of oral antidiabetic agents or insulin treatment on baseline	Age
Arteburn et al. (2013) [58]	Younger age Shorter T2DM duration No use of oral antidiabetic agents or insulin treatment on baseline Better pre-operative glycemic control Higher baseline BMI	Sex
Cummings et al. (2016) (CROSSROADS) [64]		Age, sex, baseline BMI, diabetes duration, insulin usage
Purnell et al. (2016) (LABS-2) [65]	Shorter diabetes duration Better pre-operative glycemic control No insulin treatment (AGB > RYGB) Baseline weight (AGB) Preserved insulin secretory function (RYGB)	Baseline BMI (RYGB) Preserved insulin secretory function (AGB)
Madesin et al. (2019) [67]	Younger age Shorter diabetes duration Better pre-operative glycemic control No use of oral antidiabetic agents or insulin treatment on baseline	Sex Charlson comorbidity index History of depression or other psychiatric disorders

BMI: body mass index; T2DM: diabetes mellitus type 2; AGB: adjustable gastric banding; RYGB: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.