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. 2019 Aug 30;16(17):3164. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16173164

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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The prevalence of current e-cigarette/ENDS use among never smokers, online and traditional survey estimates *, 2010–2016. * The estimates from online surveys are indicated by an X, and the estimates from traditional surveys are indicated by a circle. The legend adopts the format “author’s name, publication year (survey name and year(s)),” and the names of all online surveys are omitted. For surveys that collected data over a two-year period, we plotted the estimates in the mid-period. ** Authors’ estimate one is measured by daily/nondaily ENDS use, and authors’ estimate two is measured by past-30-day ENDS use.