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Water contact angle (CA) of the membranes before and after separation.
| Sample | CA before Separation (°) | CA after Separation (°) | Image (Before Separation) |
|---|---|---|---|
| PVDF 1 | 71.23 ± 1.31 | 62.40 ± 2.17 |
|
| PVDF 2 | 80.83 ± 1.53 | 47.46 ± 1.93 |
|
| PVDF 3 | 89.40 ± 4.67 | 35.32 ± 8.71 |
|
| PVDF_N | 0 | 0 | - |
| PVDF_NT | 39.43 ± 3.01 | 0 |
|
| PVDF_K | 0 | 0 | - |
| PVDF_KT | 0 | 0 | - |
