GROWTH |
Height
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Short stature |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
HEAD & NECK |
Head
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Delayed fontanelle closure |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
Parietal bossing |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
Anterior fontanelle open in adults |
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Face
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Frontal bossing |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
Metopic groove |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
Midface hypoplasia |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
Micrognathia |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
Ears
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Deafness |
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Eyes
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Hypertelorism |
|
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
Nose
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Low nasal bridge |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
Mouth
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Cleft palate |
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Narrow, high-arched palate |
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Teeth
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Delayed eruption of deciduous teeth |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
Delayed eruption of permanent teeth |
Supernumerary teeth |
|
|
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
Retention cysts |
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|
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
Enamel hypoplasia |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
RESPIRATORY |
Airways
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Respiratory distress in early infancy |
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CHEST |
External Features
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Narrow thorax |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
Abnormal facility in opposing the shoulders |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
Ribs Sternum Clavicles & Scapulae
|
Small scapula |
Hypoplastic clavicles |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
Aplastic clavicles |
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Short ribs |
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Cervical ribs |
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SKELETAL |
Osteosclerosis |
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Increased bone fragility |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
Skull
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Wormian bones |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
Bossing of frontal bone |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
Bossing of occipital bone |
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Bossing of parietal bone |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
Calvarial thickening |
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Absent frontal sinuses |
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Absent paranasal sinuses |
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Hypoplastic frontal sinuses |
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Hypoplastic paranasal sinuses |
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Large foramen magnum |
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Spine
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Spondylolysis |
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Spondylolisthesis |
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Scoliosis |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
Kyphosis |
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Pelvis
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Wide pubic symphysis |
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Delayed mineralization of pubic bone |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
Broad femoral head with short femoral neck |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
Coxa vara |
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Hypoplastic iliac wing |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
Hands
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Brachydactyly |
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Long second metacarpal |
|
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√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
Short middle phalanges of second and fifth fingers |
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Cone-shaped phalangeal epiphyses |
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NEUROLOGIC |
Peripheral Nervous System
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Syringomyelia |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |