. 2019 Sep 17;20:435. doi: 10.1186/s12891-019-2821-8

Table 4.

Cross-sectional associations between leisure time exercise and physical exertion, and vertebral fracture

Exercise and physical exertion	Vertebral fractures (n)	Unadjusted OR	95% CI	Adjusted for age OR	95% CI	Multiple adjusted OR^a	95% CI
Female (n = 1030)
Physical activity level
Low	15	Reference		Reference		Reference
Moderate	71	0.95	0.53–1.70	1.09	0.60–1.99	1.13	0.59–2.13
High	12	1.01	0.45–2.24	1.36	0.60–3.10	1.44	0.61–3.42
Physical activity: linear trend		1.00	0.67–1.50	1.16	0.76–1.76	1.20	0.77–1.85
Duration
0–29 min.	22	Reference		Reference		Reference
30–60 min.	57	0.69	0.41–1.16	0.76	0.45–1.30	0.79	0.45–1.38
> 60 min.	19	0.71	0.37–1.37	0.78	0.41–1.52	0.78	0.39–1.58
Intensity
Low	68	Reference
Mod./high	30	0.53	0.34–0.83	0.75	0.47–1.21	0.82	0.50–1.35
Frequency
< Once a week	8	Reference		Reference		Reference
Once a week	20	1.24	0.53–2.91	1.05	0.44–2.51	1.17	0.47–2.90
2–3 times/week	48	1.27	0.58–2.76	1.08	0.49–2.39	1.07	0.47–2.43
Every day	22	1.22	0.52–2.84	1.03	0.43–2.42	1.01	0.41–2.49
Age (years)				1.08	1.05–1.10	1.04	1.00–1.07
BMD left hip (100 g/cm²)						0.97	0.95–0.99
Osteoporosis current/previous						3.94	1.54–10.09
Male (n = 874)
Physical activity level
Low	13	Reference		Reference		Reference
Moderate	72	1.60	0.86–2.99	1.62	0.87–3.03	1.74	0.91–3.35
High	27	1.43	0.71–2.88	1.47	0.73–2.98	1.64	0.78–3.41
Physical activity: linear trend		1.13	0.83–1.55	1.15	0.84–1.58	1.20	0.86–1.67
Duration
0–29 min.	23	Reference		Reference		Reference
30–60 min.	63	0.94	0.56-1.57	1.00	0.60–1.68	1.09	0.63–1.88
> 60 min.	26	0.80	0.44–1.46	0.86	0.47–1.58	0.91	0.49–1.72
Intensity
Low	51	Reference		Reference		Reference
Mod./high	61	1.07	0.72–1.60	1.27	0.84–1.92	1.38	0.90–2.12
Frequency
< Once a week	15	Reference		Reference		Reference
Once a week	30	1.44	0.75-2.79	1.41	0.73–2.75	1.31	0.66–2.59
2–3 times/week	46	1.28	0.69-2.37	1.19	0.64–2.21	1.24	0.66–2.35
Every day	21	1.42	0.70–2.88	1.16	0.56–2.38	1.24	0.59–2.60
Age (years)				1.04	1.02–1.07	1.04	1.01–1.06
BMD left hip (100 g/cm²)						0.96	0.95–0.98
Osteoporosis current/previous						4.44	0.73–27.07

^aAdjusted for age, height, weight, smoking, osteoporosis, osteoporosis medication, left hip total BMD, and use of hormones (women only)