Fig. 3.

Radiographs showing changes of the G-KJLO after OWHTO. A patient underwent OWHTO due to varus OA. a Preoperative full-limb anterior-posterior radiograph of the patient. G-KJLO (solid line) was − 2.5° relative to the ground (dotted line). b Postoperative full-limb anterior-posterior radiograph of the patient. G-KJLO (solid line) was 2.6° relative to the ground (dotted line). OWHTO, open-wedge high tibial osteotomy; OA, osteoarthritis; G-KJLO, knee joint line orientation relative to the ground