Table 7.

Overview of studies dealing with plasma–biological liquid interactions envisioning cancer therapy.

No	Biological Target	Treatment Type	Liquid	Plasma Source	Carrier Gas	Description	Reference
1	Endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells	Direct	Culture medium	Atmospheric RF plasma needle	He	RF glow discharge. Frequency: 13.56 MHz, gas flow: 2 L/min, liquid volume: 10–60 µL, gap: 3 mm, voltage: 226–280 V, treatment time: 30–540 s.	[243]
2	Human Melanoma skin cancer cells	Direct	Culture medium	FE-DBD plasma	Air	Voltage: 10–30 kV, gap: 3 mm, power: 4 W, liquid volume: 200 µL, treatment time: 5–30 s.	[242]
3	Endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells	Direct	Culture medium	Atmospheric RF plasma needle	He	Indirect RF glow discharge. Frequency: 13.56 MHz, gas flow: 2 L/min, gap: 1 mm, treatment time: 2–50 s.	[244]
4	Blood	Direct	Blood	AC plasma spray	Air	Frequency: 60 Hz, power: 170 W.	[218]
5	Human bladder cancer cells	Direct	Culture medium	Pulsed DC plasma jet	He/O2	Gas flow: He/O2: 100, 500/5, 10, 20 sccm, voltage: 1.2–1.8 kV, frequency: 20, 50 kHz, liquid volume: 0.2–1 mL, treatment time: 10, 20 s, gap: 6 mm.	[246]
6	Mouse melanoma cancer cells	Direct	Culture medium	Cold surface-type DBD discharge	Ambient air	Voltage: 4.2 kV, power: 4.26 W, treatment time: 10, 30, 50 s, gap: 5 mm.	[247]
7	Mammalian breast epithelial cells	Direct and indirect	Culture medium	AC pulsed DBD plasma	Air	Voltage: 20 kV, pulse duration: 1.65 µs, rise time: 5 V/ns, gap: 2 mm, liquid volume: 100 µL.	[251]
8	Murine melanoma and fibroblast tumor cells	Direct	Culture medium	Micro-plasma jet employing a hollow-core glass optical fiber	He	Gas flow: 10 sccm, frequency: 32 kHz, voltage: 17 kV, gap: 5 mm, treatment time: 10 s.	[256]
9	Human ovarian cancer cells	Direct	Culture medium	Non-equilibrium atmospheric plasma	Ar	Gas flow: 2 slm, liquid volume: 2 mL, gap: 15 mm, treatment time: 30–300 s, voltage: 10 kV, frequency: 60 Hz.	[257]
10	Mouse epithelial ovarian cancer cells	Indirect	Culture medium	Non-equilibrium atmospheric plasma	Ar	Gas flow: 2 slm, liquid volume: 100 µL, gap: 15 mm, treatment time: 30–300 s, voltage: 10 kV, frequency: 60 Hz.	[258]
11	CRFK feline kidney cells	Indirect and direct	Physiological liquid	RF atmospheric plasma jet	Ar	Gas flow: 1.5 slm, frequency: 13.7 MHz, liquid volume: 100 µL.	[259]
12	Mouse liver epithelial cells	Indirect	Various culture media	Atmospheric plasma jet	Ar	Gas flow: 1.9 slm, frequency: 1.1 MHz, voltage: 2–6 kV, liquid volume: 100 µL, gap: 1 mm, treatment time: 60, 120 s.	[260]
13	Human U87 cancer cells, human MDA-MB-231 cancer cells, MCF-7 cancer cells	Indirect	Cell culture media	DC cold plasma jet	He	Gap: 3 cm, liquid volume: 1 mL, time: 0.5–2 min, gas flow: 4.7 L/min, input voltage: 11.5 V, output voltage: 3.16 kV, power: 5 W.	[261]
14	Human epithelial PC cell lines LNCaP and PC-3	Indirect	Sespended cells in RPMI medium	DC cold plasma jet	Ar	Liquid volume: 500 µL, time: 10 s, gas flow: 3 L/min, voltage: 65 V, frequency: 1.1 MHz.	[262]
15	Breast cancer cells	Indirect	Deionized water	Cold plasma jet	Ar, He, N2	Voltage: 2–5 kV, frequency: 30 kHz, gas flow: 0.3 L/min.	[249]
16	Human cervical carcinoma cell line HeLa, sarcoma U2OS cells, breast cancer cells	Indirect	DMEM cell culture medium	Micro-plasma jet	Air	Gas flow: 10 L/min, time: 5 min.	[263]
17	Human gastric cancer cells	Indirect	Deionized water	Cold plasma jet	Ar	Gas flow: 0.4 L/min, time: 5–30 min, voltage: 8 kV, average current: 0.23 mA, frequency: 6.25 kHz.	[264]