Table 8.

An overview of studies on the impact of non-thermal plasma on liquid food products.

No	Food Product	Investigated Microorganism	Plasma Source	Carrier Gas	Description	Reference
1	Commercial UHT and raw milk	E. coli	Atmospheric AC corona discharge	Air	Plasma inside the solution. Voltage: 9 kV, current: 90 mA, time: 3–30 min.	[294]
2	Milk	E. coli, L. monocytogenes, S. typhimurium	Atmospheric DBD plasma	Air	Power: 250 W, frequency: 15 kHz, time: 5, 10 min.	[295]
3	Hen egg	Hen egg white lysozyme in aqueous solution	Low frequency atmospheric AC plasma jet	He/O2	Plasma inside the solution. Gas flow: He/O2 = 0.50/0.15 L/min, time: 3 min.	[296]
4	Milk	α-casein, β-lactoglobulin, α-lactalbumin proteins in PBS	Atmospheric RF plasma	Ar	Gas flow: 30.7 L/min, frequency: 13.56 MHz.	[297]
5	Tomato	Tomato peroxides, as a model enzyme	Atmospheric DBD plasma	Air	Gap: 26 mm, voltage: 30, 40, 50 kV, time: 1–5 min.	[298]
6	Fresh orange juice	Vitamin C, S. aureus, E. coli, C. albicans	Atmospheric DBD plasma	Air	Frequency: 60 kHz, gap: 3 mm, voltage: 20 kV, Power density: 1.14 W/cm2, time: 3–25 s.	[299]
7	Peptone solution	E. coli, S. aureus, S. enteritidis, B. cereus	Atmospheric pulsed bubble discharge	N2, CO2, Air	Pulse rate: 320 pps, voltage: 28 kV, pulse width: 90 ns, time: 50 s, gas flow: 10 L/min.	[288]
8	Spinach	F. oxysporum	Atmospheric barrier-type surface discharge plasma	Air, O2, N2, He, Ar	Pulsed plasma directly into the solution. Voltage: 16 kV, pulse width: 20 µs, pulse cycle: 200 µs, gas flow: 500 mL/min, time: 5–50 min.	[293]
9	Emulsion-type sausage	Plasma-treated water as a nitrate source	Atmospheric surface DBD plasma	Air	Frequency: 15 kHz.	[300]
10	Raw milk	Lipid composition of milk	Atmospheric AC corona discharge	Air	Time: 3–20 min, gap: 8 mm, current: 90 mA, voltage: 9 kV.	[301]
11	Pomegranate juice	Anthocyanins and color	Atmospheric plasma jet	Ar	Time: 3, 5, 7 min, juice volume: 3, 4, 5 cm3, gas flow: 0.75, 1, 1.25 L/min, gap: 1.5 cm, frequency: 25 kHz, power: 6 W, voltage: 2.5 kV, current: 3 mA.	[302]
12	Tomato juice	Volatile components	Atmospheric bubbling discharge	Air	Voltage: 10 kV, time: 5 min.	[303]
13	Chokeberry juice	Stability of hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonols and anthocyanins	Atmospheric plasma jet	Ar	Frequency: 25 kHz, power: 4 W, gas flow: 0.75 L/min, juice volume: 3, 5, 7 cm3, time: 3, 5 min, gap: 1.5 cm.	[304]
14	Commercial pasteurized and raw milk	E. coli	Atmospheric nanosecond pulsed bubble discharge	Ar	A gas bubble discharge was generated inside milk using a needle to plate electrode configuration, immersed in milk. Frequency: 2.5, 4 kHz, time: 75–120 s, gap: 1 cm, pulse width: 10 ns, voltage: 9 kV.	[305]
15	Sour cherry juice	Content of anthocyanins and phenolic acids	Atmospheric plasma jet	Ar	Frequency: 25 kHz, power: 4 W, gas flow: 0.75, 1, 1.25 L/min, juice volume: 2, 3, 4 mL, time: 3, 4, 5 min, gap: 1.5 cm, voltage: 2.5 kV, current: 3 mA.	[306]