Table 2.
Comparison of mark-ups for Humulin/Huminsulin human insulin products in three countries
| Product | Ghana | India (Haryana State) | Indonesia | |||
| Humulin L vial | Humulin 70/30 vial | Huminsulin 30/70 cartridge | Huminsulin 30/70 vial | Humulin R cartridge | Humulin R cartridge | |
| Insulin type | Insulin, lente zinc suspension | Isophane/regular insulin 70/30 | Isophane/regular insulin 70/30 | Isophane/regular insulin 70/30 | Regular insulin | Regular insulin |
| Volume (mL) | 10 | 10 | 3 | 10 | 3 | 3 |
| Strength (IU/mL) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 40 | 100 | 100 |
| Sector | Public | Private | Private | Private | Public | Private |
| Import | Import | Import | Import | Import | Import | Import |
| Region | Capital | District | District 1 | District 2 | Capital | Capital |
| MSP (US$) | 5.1 | 7.0 | 2.2 | 1.3 | 11.2 | 11.2 |
| Stage 1 (%) | 7.0 | 7.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Stage 2 (%) | 8.0 | 8.0 | 27.6 | 26.5 | 121.3 | 303.0 |
| Stage 3 (%) | 25.0 | 25.0 | 8.7 | 8.7 | 20.0 | 18.0 |
| Stage 4 (%) | 43.6 | 50.0 | 13.1 | 13.1 | 26.0 | 30.0 |
| Stage 5 (%) | 0.0 | 0.00 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 7.9 | 7.7 |
| Cumulative total (%) | 107.5 | 116.7 | 65.1 | 63.7 | 261.2 | 565.8 |
| Final price (US$) | 10.6 | 15.2 | 3.6 | 2.1 | 40.3 | 74.6 |
| Standardised price to 10 mL 100 IU | 10.6 | 15.2 | 12.0 | 5.3 | 134.3 | 248.7 |
Stage 1: insurance and freight. Stage 2: clearance charges. Stage 3: wholesale mark-ups. Stage 4: retail mark-ups. Stage 5: sales tax/value-added tax (VAT).
MSP, manufacturer's selling price.