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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Neurobiol Dis. 2018 Aug 24;120:1–11. doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.08.013

Figure 1: GPNMB is uniquely elevated in the substantia nigra of sporadic PD patients.

Figure 1:

(A) Tissue homogenates from post-mortem cerebellum (CB) caudate and putamen (CP) and substantia nigra (SN) from healthy subject controls (n=31) and sporadic PD patients (n=25) were prepared. Levels of GPNMB in these brain regions were determined by ELISA. Results are means ±SEM, **** p <0.0001 (two-way ANOVA, with Sidak’s multiple comparison post-hoc test). (B) DAB-based immunostaining revealed that GPNMB-positive puncta exist throughout the human SN (white arrowheads) but are larger and more numerous in sporadic PD patients compared to healthy subjects. Additionally, some GPNMB-positive immunoreactivity produced a cell-like staining pattern (open arrowheads) in both healthy subjects and sporadic PD patients. Scale bar is 50µm.