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Effect of EXD and selective inhibitor LY294002 on TNF-α-induced apoptosis in MC3T3-E1 cells. Cells were incubated with or without 20 μM LY294002, 100 μg/ml EXD, and 10 ng/ml TNF-α for 24 h. (A) Cell apoptosis rate. (B) Caspase-3 level. (C) Annexin V/PI staining results. #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 compared to the control group. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 compared to the TNF-α group.
