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SEM images of (a) as-grown 10-nm-thick Au film sputtered on 100-nm-thick TiO2 layer and 400 °C annealed composite structures with different initial Au film thickness of (b) 5 nm, (c) 10 nm, (d) 20 nm and (e) UV–vis absorption spectra for the prepared TiO2 films without and with Au nanoparticles on the surface of TiO2. The inset in (c) shows the cross-section SEM image of the Au NPs–TiO2 composite structure. Adapted with permission from [43]. Copyright (2014) Elsevier.
