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. 2019 Jan 25;26(10):2061–2073. doi: 10.1038/s41418-019-0288-7

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Knockdown of MALAT1 inhibits cell proliferation, mobility, migration, and invasion but promotes apoptosis of both A431 and HSC-1 cells. a Knockdown of MALAT1 in A431 and HSC-1 cells by MALAT1 ASO1 and MALAT1 ASO2 was determined by qRT-PCR assay. b CCK-8 assay determination of A431 and HSC-1 cell proliferation in response to MALAT1 knockdown. c Monolayer colony formation assay showing that MALAT1 knockdown significantly decreased the colony formation capacity of A431 and HSC-1 cells. The colony numbers were counted and recorded. d Wound-healing assay showing that knockdown of MALAT1 significantly decreased the wound closure ability of A431 and HSC-1 cells at both 6 and 12 h. e Transwell assay indicated that MALAT1 knockdown suppressed A431 and HSC-1 cell motility. f Matrigel invasion assay indicated that MALAT1 knockdown drastically inhibited A431 and HSC-1 cell invasiveness. g Flow cytometric analysis using Annexin V/PI staining showing that MALAT1 silencing significantly increased the apoptosis of A431 and HSC-1 cells (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 with LSD test of one-way ANOVA). h PI3K inhibitor LY294002 treatment led to much high apoptotic rate in addition to MALAT1 depletion-induced apoptosis. All statistical data represent the average of three independent experiments ± s.d. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001