Table 4.

Overview of diagnostic methodologies of aberrant splicing isoforms in cancer

Level	Method	Material	Property	Refs
Transcript level	RT-PCR	Cell lines & tissues	Gold-standard for known gene	[61]
	Real time PCR
	Digital droplet PCR		Single-cell capacity	[87]
	Exon junction array	Cancer cell lines	Genome-wide survey of splicing	[88]
	Exon array	Colon cancer; HNSCC	The GeneChip Human Exon array	[121]
	Tiling array	Breast cancer	Detection of intron retention	[91]
	RNA-seq	Different cancer types	Novel transcripts and gene fusions	[122]
	Primer Sequencing	Human heart & testes	Software of RT-PCR primers	[123]
Protein level	Quantitative imaging	Breast cancer	Combination of probes and imaging	[124]
	Peptidomics approach		Based on the PEPPI	[96]
	Western blotting	Different cancer types	Isoform-specific antibodies	[99]
	Immunohistochemistry
	Immunofluorescence