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. 2019 Sep 17;2019(9):CD003248. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003248.pub4

Comparison 7. UCM vs ECC (subgroup analysis by gestation).

Outcome or subgroup title No. of studies No. of participants Statistical method Effect size
1 Death of baby (up to discharge) 9 931 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.81 [0.47, 1.41]
1.1 < 32‐34 weeks gestation 8 731 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.70 [0.38, 1.29]
1.2 > 32‐34 weeks gestation 1 200 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.5 [0.44, 5.15]
1.3 Mixed gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
2 Death or neurodevelopmental impairment at age two to three years 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
2.1 < 32‐34 weeks gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
2.2 > 32‐34 weeks gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
2.3 Mixed gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
3 Severe intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH grades 3, 4) 6 618 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.75 [0.39, 1.45]
3.1 < 32‐34 weeks gestation 6 618 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.75 [0.39, 1.45]
3.2 > 32‐34 weeks gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
3.3 Mixed gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
4 Intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH, all grades) 8 716 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.85 [0.62, 1.18]
4.1 < 32‐34 weeks gestation 8 716 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.85 [0.62, 1.18]
4.2 > 32‐34 weeks gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
4.3 Mixed gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
5 Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) 3 315 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.63 [0.15, 2.63]
5.1 < 32‐34 weeks gestation 3 315 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.63 [0.15, 2.63]
5.2 > 32‐34 weeks gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
5.3 Mixed gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
6 Chronic lung disease (CLD) ‐ oxygen supplement at 36 weeks (corrected for gestation) 7 682 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.03 [0.64, 1.66]
6.1 < 32‐34 weeks gestation 7 682 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.03 [0.64, 1.66]
6.2 > 32‐34 weeks gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
6.3 Mixed gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
7 Maternal blood loss of 500 mL or greater 1 200 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
7.1 < 32‐34 weeks gestation 1 200 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
7.2 > 32‐34 weeks gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
7.3 Mixed gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
8 Intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH, grades 1 & 2) 6 618 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.74 [0.44, 1.25]
8.1 < 32‐34 weeks gestation 6 618 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.74 [0.44, 1.25]
8.2 > 32‐34 weeks gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
8.3 Mixed gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
9 Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) confirmed by X‐ray or laparotomy) 6 616 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.75 [0.41, 1.38]
9.1 < 32‐34 weeks gestation 6 616 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.75 [0.41, 1.38]
9.2 > 32‐34 weeks gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
9.3 Mixed gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
10 Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) 4 515 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.05 [0.83, 1.32]
10.1 < 32‐34 weeks gestation 3 315 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.00 [0.95, 1.05]
10.2 > 32‐34 weeks gestation 1 200 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 2.0 [0.71, 5.64]
10.3 Mixed gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
11 Respiratory support (ventilator or CPAP) 2 129 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.04 [0.74, 1.47]
11.1 < 32‐34 weeks gestation 2 129 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.04 [0.74, 1.47]
11.2 > 32‐34 weeks gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
11.3 Mixed gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
12 Duration of respiratory support (days) 1 199 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 2.80 [‐9.78, 15.38]
12.1 < 32‐34 weeks gestation 1 199 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 2.80 [‐9.78, 15.38]
12.2 > 32‐34 weeks gestation 0 0 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
12.3 Mixed gestation 0 0 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
13 Surfactant treatment (for severe RDS) 5 433 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.13 [0.81, 1.58]
13.1 < 32‐34 weeks gestation 5 433 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.13 [0.81, 1.58]
13.2 > 32‐34 weeks gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
13.3 Mixed gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
14 Treatment for Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) (medical and/or surgical) 5 411 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.00 [0.73, 1.38]
14.1 < 32‐34 weeks gestation 5 411 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.00 [0.73, 1.38]
14.2 > 32‐34 weeks gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
14.3 Mixed gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
15 Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity (RoP) 5 274 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.95 [0.76, 1.19]
15.1 < 32‐34 weeks gestation 5 274 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.95 [0.76, 1.19]
15.2 > 32‐34 weeks gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
15.3 Mixed gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
16 Hyperbilirubinemia (treated by phototherapy) 3 475 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.39 [0.73, 2.63]
16.1 < 32‐34 weeks gestation 2 275 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.95 [0.86, 1.06]
16.2 > 32‐34 weeks gestation 1 200 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 3.67 [1.85, 7.26]
16.3 Mixed gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
17 Inotropics for low blood pressure 3 300 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.61 [0.36, 1.04]
17.1 < 32‐34 weeks gestation 3 300 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.61 [0.36, 1.04]
17.2 > 32‐34 weeks gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
17.3 Mixed gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
18 Low Apgar as defined by trialists (generally < 8 at 5 mins) 2 398 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.03 [0.67, 1.60]
18.1 < 32‐34 weeks gestation 2 398 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.03 [0.67, 1.60]
18.2 > 32‐34 weeks gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
18.3 Mixed gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
19 Blood transfusion in infant 6 567 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.71 [0.57, 0.89]
19.1 < 32‐34 weeks gestation 6 567 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.71 [0.57, 0.89]
19.2 > 32‐34 weeks gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
19.3 Mixed gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
20 Volume of blood transfused (mL) 1 199 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐19.0 [‐39.61, 1.61]
20.1 < 32‐34 weeks gestation 1 199 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐19.0 [‐39.61, 1.61]
20.2 > 32‐34 weeks gestation 0 0 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
20.3 Mixed gestation 0 0 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
21 Late sepsis (after 3 days or as defined by trialists) 4 385 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.87 [0.64, 1.19]
21.1 < 32‐34 weeks gestation 4 385 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.87 [0.64, 1.19]
21.2 > 32‐34 weeks gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
21.3 Mixed gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
22 Hydrocephalus 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
22.1 < 32‐34 weeks gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
22.2 > 32‐34 weeks gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
22.3 Mixed gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
23 Temperature < 36.0oC within 1 hour of birth 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
23.1 < 32‐34 weeks gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
23.2 > 32‐34 weeks gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
23.3 Mixed gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
24 Hb within 1st 24 hour of birth (g/dL) 7 905 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.84 [0.54, 1.14]
24.1 < 32‐34 weeks gestation 6 705 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.87 [0.54, 1.20]
24.2 > 32‐34 weeks gestation 1 200 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.70 [0.00, 1.40]
24.3 Mixed gestation 0 0 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
25 Mean arterial blood pressure 2 408 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.38 [‐1.33, 2.09]
25.1 < 32‐34 weeks gestation 1 208 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [‐2.17, 2.17]
25.2 > 32‐34 weeks gestation 1 200 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 1.0 [‐1.76, 3.76]
25.3 Mixed gestation 0 0 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
26 Length of infant stay in NICU (in weeks) 1 199 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 5.30 [‐5.49, 16.09]
26.1 < 32‐34 weeks gestation 1 199 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 5.30 [‐5.49, 16.09]
26.2 > 32‐34 weeks gestation 0 0 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
26.3 Mixed gestation 0 0 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
27 Home oxygen 1 199 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.89 [0.38, 2.10]
27.1 < 32‐34 weeks gestation 1 199 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.89 [0.38, 2.10]
27.2 > 32‐34 weeks gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
27.3 Mixed gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
28 Neurodevelopmental impairment at age two to three years 2 187 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.25 [0.49, 3.17]
28.1 < 32‐34 weeks gestation 2 187 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.25 [0.49, 3.17]
28.2 > 32‐34 weeks gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
28.3 Mixed gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
29 Severe visual impairment 1 125 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
29.1 < 32‐34 weeks gestation 1 125 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
29.2 > 32‐34 weeks gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
29.3 Mixed gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
30 Cerebral palsy (CP) 2 286 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.70 [0.05, 10.63]
30.1 < 32‐34 weeks gestation 2 286 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.70 [0.05, 10.63]
30.2 > 32‐34 weeks gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
30.3 Mixed gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
31 Manual removal of placenta (denominator = vaginal births) 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
31.1 < 32‐34 weeks gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
31.2 > 32‐34 weeks gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
31.3 Mixed gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
32 Prolonged third stage (> 30 minutes) (denominator = vaginal births) 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
32.1 < 32‐34 weeks gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
32.2 > 32‐34 weeks gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
32.3 Mixed gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
33 Blood transfusion for mother 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
33.1 < 32‐34 weeks gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
33.2 > 32‐34 weeks gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
33.3 Mixed gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
34 Postpartum infection in mother 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
34.1 < 32‐34 weeks gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
34.2 > 32‐34 weeks gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
34.3 Mixed gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
35 Rhesus isoimmunisation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
35.1 < 32‐34 weeks gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
35.2 > 32‐34 weeks gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
35.3 Mixed gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
36 Psychological well being in mother 0 0 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
36.1 < 32‐34 weeks gestation 0 0 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
36.2 > 32‐34 weeks gestation 0 0 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
36.3 Mixed gestation 0 0 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
37 Bonding 0 0 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
37.1 < 32‐34 weeks gestation 0 0 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
37.2 > 32‐34 weeks gestation 0 0 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
37.3 Mixed gestation 0 0 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
38 Breastfeeding initiation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
38.1 < 32‐34 weeks gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
38.2 > 32‐34 weeks gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
38.3 Mixed gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
39 Fully breastfed or mixed feeding at infant discharge 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
39.1 < 32‐34 weeks gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
39.2 > 32‐34 weeks gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
39.3 Mixed gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
40 Maternal anxiety 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
40.1 < 32‐34 weeks gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
40.2 > 32‐34 weeks gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
40.3 Mixed gestation 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
41 Mothers' views 0 0 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
41.1 < 32‐34 weeks gestation 0 0 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
41.2 > 32‐34 weeks gestation 0 0 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
41.3 Mixed gestation 0 0 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]