Comparison 12. UCM vs ECC (low risk of bias).

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Death of baby (up to discharge)	4	533	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.18 [0.53, 2.62]
2 Death or neurodevelopmental impairment in early years	0	0	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
3 Severe intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH grades 3, 4)	2	260	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.72 [0.23, 2.23]
4 Intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH, all grades)	3	333	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.81 [0.50, 1.31]
5 Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL)	1	200	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	3.06 [0.13, 74.23]
6 Chronic lung disease (CLD) ‐ oxygen supplement at 36 weeks (corrected for gestation)	3	330	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.85 [0.44, 1.64]
7 Maternal blood loss of 500 mL or greater	1	200	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]