Table 2.
Associations between Baseline Characteristics and Risk of Being HIV Viral Load Nonsuppressed (>500 copies/mL) at Pregnancy End and 6 Months Postpartum, HIV Outpatient Study 1996 to 2015 (N = 253).
| Crude Unadjusted RR (95% CI) | P | Full Adjusted RRa (95% CI) | P | Reduced Adjusted RRb (95% CI) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HIV VL nonsuppression at 6 months postpartum | ||||||
| Maternal age (per 5 years) | 0.90 (0.82-1.00) | .04 | 0.92 (0.83-1.02) | .14 | 0.90 (0.82-1.00) | .04 |
| ≥High school education (versus <high school education) | 0.83 (0.64-1.06) | .13 | 0.88 (0.71-1.10) | .27 | 0.83 (0.64-1.06) | .13 |
| Non-Hispanic black race (versus all other race) | 1.20 (0.92-1.57) | .18 | 1.13 (0.88-1.44) | .34 | 1.11 (0.84-1.46) | .45 |
| Private insurance (versus all public/none) | 0.65 (0.44-0.97) | .034 | 0.76 (0.50-1.15) | .2 | 0.70 (0.47-1.04) | .08 |
| Year of pregnancy ≥2005 (versus <2005) | 0.75 (0.59-0.95) | .018 | 0.77 (0.61-0.97) | .025 | 0.75 (0.59-0.95) | .018 |
| Years since HIV diagnosis (per year) | 1.00 (0.97-1.03) | .78 | 1.02 (0.99-1.06) | .18 | 1.00 (0.97-1.03) | .78 |
| On ART and virally suppressed at pregnancy end (versus not)c | 0.68 (0.55-0.84) | .0004 | 0.78 (0.63-0.96) | .017 | 0.71 (0.57-0.88) | .002 |
| HIV viral nonsuppression at pregnancy end | ||||||
| Maternal age (per 5 years) | 0.93 (0.80-1.08) | .32 | 0.94 (0.82-1.09) | .42 | 0.93 (0.80-1.08) | .32 |
| Non-Hispanic black race (versus all other race) | 1.39 (0.89-2.16) | .15 | 1.30 (0.88-1.93) | .19 | 1.20 (0.79-1.80) | .39 |
| ≥High school education (versus <high school education) | 1.09 (0.70-1.71) | .7 | 1.15 (0.80-1.65) | .46 | 1.09 (0.70-1.71) | .7 |
| Private insurance (versus all public/none) | 0.60 (0.34-1.07) | .08 | 0.71 (0.41-1.22) | .22 | 0.68 (0.40-1.14) | .14 |
| Year of pregnancy ≥2005 (versus <2005) | 0.55 (0.38-0.79) | .001 | 0.52 (0.37-0.73) | <.001 | 0.55 (0.38-0.79) | .001 |
| Years since HIV diagnosis (per year) | 1.02 (0.98-1.06) | .45 | 1.06 (1.01-1.10) | .011 | 1.02 (0.98-1.06) | .45 |
| On ART and virally suppressed at pregnancy start (versus not) | 0.30 (0.17-0.53) | <.001 | 0.32 (0.18-0.55) | <.001 | 0.30 (0.17-0.53) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; CI, confidence interval; RR, risk ratio; VL, viral load.
aRelative risk was adjusted for all other variables in the table.
bAdjustment sets 6 months postpartum, which specify in curly brackets the variables that were controlled for when deriving reduced RR for each covariate, as per model building criteria described in the Methods: age {null}, education {null}, race {insurance}, insurance {age, ART/viral suppression pregnancy end}, pregnancy year {null}, years since HIV diagnosis {null}, ART/viral suppression at pregnancy end {pregnancy year}; adjustment set pregnancy end: age {null}, race {ART/viral suppression at pregnancy start}, education {null}, insurance {ART/viral suppression at pregnancy start}, pregnancy year {null}, time since HIV diagnosis {null}, ART/viral suppression {null}.
cPersons missing HIV viral load at pregnancy end were categorized as “virally nonsuppressed” at pregnancy end.