Table 1.

Robust Regression Models Examining Neighborhood Disadvantage as an Independent Variable of Biological Aging

	Model 1			Model 2			Model 3
	b	SE	p value	b	SE	p value	b	SE	p value
Neighborhood disadvantage	1.370**	0.434	.002	0.962*	0.398	.018	0.965*	0.399	.018
Neighborhood disadvantage squared							−0.065	0.273	.811
Per capita income				−0.190	0.514	.712	−0.188	0.516	.717
Education (high school is reference)
Less than a high school education				0.407	1.093	.711	0.406	1.102	.714
Some college				0.557	0.907	.541	0.577	0.934	.539
At least a college degree				−1.621	1.511	.286	−1.620	1.523	.291
Marital status (single is reference)
Married				−0.529	1.053	.617	−0.527	1.060	.620
Cohabited				0.118	1.066	.912	0.140	1.080	.897
Employment status				1.652*	0.827	.049	1.638†	0.830	.052
Receives welfare				−1.064	1.979	.592	−1.089	2.005	.589
Number of children in household				−0.025	0.254	.921	−0.024	0.255	.926
Number of relocation from W1 to W5				−0.143	0.399	.722	−0.127	0.414	.759
Health insurance				−1.984*	0.987	.048	−1.968†	0.993	.051
Current cigarette use				0.989	0.839	.242	1.011	0.840	.233
Current binge drinking				−0.883	1.386	.526	−0.897	1.393	.522
Current healthy diet				0.595	0.492	.230	0.601	0.499	.231
Current exercise				0.132	0.324	.684	0.126	0.330	.705
CD8+ T cells				−32.892**	7.915	.000	−32.810**	8.060	.000
CD4+ T cells				−13.691**	4.998	.008	−13.675**	5.054	.008
Natural killer cells				17.914*	6.989	.012	17.781*	7.027	.013
B cells				−4.647	5.405	.393	−4.679	5.426	.391
Monocytes				−7.759	5.960	.197	−7.711	6.043	.206
Constant	0.000	0.453	1.000	7.184*	3.296	.032	7.193*	3.303	.032
R 2	0.085			0.525			0.525

Note: Unstandardized (b) coefficients shown with robust standard errors in parentheses; neighborhood disadvantage and per capita income are standardized by z-transformation (mean = 0 and SD =1). N = 100. ^†p ≤ .10, *p ≤ .05, **p ≤ .01 (two-tailed tests).