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. 2019 Sep 17;9:13484. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-49996-z

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(A) Cluster analysis of geochemical and isotopic profiles of groundwater samples. Variables used for the analysis are listed in Table S2. Cluster analysis was applied to matrix of pairwise comparison between samples based on Euclidean distance after data normalization and performed by complete linkage method. (B–D) CCA and RDA ordination relating community composition with environmental variables. Detrended correspondence analysis was performed with species data prior to CCA and RDA in order to select appropriate analysis. Species and environmental data were analyzed by RDA for the abundant subcommunity and by CCA for the entire community and the rare subcommunity. Red arrows indicate statistically significant variables (P < 0.05).