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. 2019 Sep 17;9:13458. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-49682-0

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Notch inhibition reduces inflammatory cytokines and synthetic phenotype of vSMCs in the aorta. (A–D) mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines (Cd38, Il6, Il12 and iNos) in the aorta of experimental mice (n = 4). (E–H) mRNA expression of genes related to vSMC phenotype (smMHC, Ctgf, Mmp2 and Mmp9) in the aorta of experimental mice (n = 4). (I–K) Representative IHC images showing immunoreactivity of Cd38 (yellow dotted lines in the adventitial region), smMHC and Ctgf in the suprarenal aorta. (L–N) Quantification of Cd38, smMHC and Ctgf contents (n = 6). (O) Flow cytometry of the abdominal aorta for Cd38 in various subpopulations including CD11b⁺Ly6C⁺ macrophages (left panel), CD11b⁺Ly6C^low macrophages (middle panel) and CD11b⁺Ly6G⁺ neutrophils at day 56 of the experimental mice (n = 4). ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison analysis was performed for (A–H,L–O). *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; Scale bar = 50 µm.